Question

What did sultan introduce to assert his superiority

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

In an effort to counteract the secularization that arose during Tanzimat, Sultan Abdul Hamid II re-asserted his power as Caliph, which was seen as “the shadow of God on earth, the executant of his decrees; all Muslims should obey him, being thankful if he does right, patient if he does wrong.”