Question

What do solid liquid and gases have différent properties

Answer 1

The properties of solids, liquids and gases can be explained by the kinetic theory of matter. It says that matter consists of discrete particles that move constantly. Not all matter is the same for the particles are different from one type of matter to another. In each state of matter, the particles move in different ways.

In the solid state, the movement of particles is a vibration. The particles are bound to each other firmly enough to prevent too much movement. In this way, a lump of solid material has a definite shape that cannot be compressed appreciably by pressure.

How fast the particles vibrate in a solid depends on how hot it is. The hotter the temperature, the faster the vibrations until a particular temperature is reached when the movement is too much for the bonds between particles to keep them firmly in position. When this happens, the solid begins to melt to a liquid.

In the liquid state, particles do not stay in fixed positions and are able to move freely over one another. The bonds between particles still keep the particles from separating too much but they are no longer bound firmly to each other. Liquids can flow but have a definite volume that does not vary appreciably with pressure. A liquid flows to take the shape of the container that holds it. When a small amount of liquid is put into a closed container, it will not necessarily fill the container because a liquid has a definite volume.

The hotter the temperature, the more freely the liquid particles can flow over one another. If the temperature is increased, a particular temperature is reached at a given pressure when the movement of the particles is too much to hold them in a definite volume. When this happens, particles break free easily from the liquid surface and the liquid boils to a gas.

In the gas state, particles are so free to move that the bonds that held them to a definite volume in the liquid state are completely overcome. When put in a closed container, a gas will take the shape of the entire space within the container. In this way, the volume of a gas is not fixed. Its volume can be changed by applying pressure to the gas. Gases can be compressed.

The description above is very much simplified. The properties of solid, liquid and gaseous matter also depends on the type of matter. The unique property of a solid substance will depend on the type of particle that makes up the solid. These unique properties of substances vary from one substance to another.
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