Question

what do you mean by solvay process

Answer 1

The solvay process is a major industrial process for the production of soda ash.
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Answer 2

heya mate here is your answer ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
The Solvay process or ammonia-soda process is the major industrial process for the production of
sodium carbonate (soda ash, Na2 CO3 ). The ammonia-soda process was developed into its modern form by Ernest Solvay during the 1860s. The ingredients for this are readily available and inexpensive: salt brine (from inland sources or from the sea) and limestone (from quarries).
Sodium chloride react with calcium carbonate and give sodium carbonate and calcium chloride. This reaction is reversible and create many other problems. Therefore we have to use more chemicals to separate desired product.
Washing soda, soda ash, baking soda
Washing soda - Na CO
Baking soda - NaHCO
Soda ash - Na CO
Solvay process or ammonia-soda process
Solvay process has five main steps on sodium carbonate manufacturing.
1. Ammonia absorber - saturation of brine with
ammonia
2. Carbonation tower
3. Filtration
4. Calcination of sodium bicarbonate
5. Ammonia recovery tower
Raw materials of sodium carbonate manufacturing
Brine solution (NaCl)
Limestone (CaCO ) for CO
Ammonia gas
water
Like above materials, ammonia(NH ) is also contributed in sodium carbonate manufacturing. But it does not contain in the final product. Therefore ammonia gas is recycled completely in the solvay process..
Principles of solvay process of sodium carbonate manufacturing
common ion effect
The main psysicochemical principle is that when a saturated solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) is saturated with ammonia and carbon dioxide, then sodium bicarbonate gets precipitated. Sodium bicarbonate is generally soluble in water, but in a
concentrated solution of NaCl its solubility gets lowered. Therefore sodium bicarbonate gets precipitated. This is called the common ion effect. What this state is that the solubility of an electrolyte is lower in a medium where there is an excess of a common ion. In sodium bicarbonate manufacturing process, sodium ion is the common ion.
Counter current principle
The counter current principle is used in sodium carbonate manufacturing process. Brine is saturated with ammonia gas and slowly passed through solvay tower from top to bottom. Carbon dioxide is sent from bottom to top. Inside the tower, there are a number of mushroom shaped perforated plates.
Steps of Sodium carbonate manufacturing process
below figure shows outline of solvay process.
Figure 1: sodium carbonate manufacturing plant outline
Ammonia absorber tower
Brine solution (NaCl, 30% solution) is pumped into the ammonia absorber tower. Ammonia and small amount of carbon dioxide from ammonia recycling tower is bubbled through brine solution. Solution gets saturated with ammonia and form sodium bicarbonate.
Calcium and Magnesium ions(in brine solution) are removed as carbonates in the filter.
Figure 2: reactions of ammonia absorber tower
Carbonation tower
Carbon dioxide is entered from the bottom of the tower.brine solution comes down.
Both reacts and form insoluble (due to common ion effect) sodium bicarbonate.
Figure 3: reactions of ammonia carbonation tower
Solution coming from the carbonation tower contain ammonium chloride and small amount of ammonium bicarbonate. They are pumped to ammonia recovery tower.
Sodium bicarbonate is heated.
Then sodium carbonate forms.
Ammonia recovering tower
Filtered ammonium chloride ,ammonium bicarbonate are pumped into ammonia recovering tower and mixed with calcium hydroxide.then mixture is heated.
Figure 4: reactions of ammonia recovery tower
Lime kiln
Lime(CaCO ) is heated to produce CO and CaO.
CaO is mixed with water to produce Ca(OH) .
HEAT + CaCO → CaO + CO
CaO + H O → Ca(OH)
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