Question

what do you understand by overloading and short circuit of an electric path explain

Answer 1

Short Circuit: When current in acircuit takes unintended path we call it a short circuit. For example, in a torch circuit if somehow the two terminals of the bulb touch each other the bulb will not glow. ... Overload:Overload is the condition when high current, more than the expected/rated value, flow through a circuit.

Answer 2

overloading :-
when two or more components are connected to a single switch,this cause to overloading.

short circuiting :-
when live wire comes in contact to neutral wire there is increase in current ,
which led to the short circuiting