Question

what does the statement mean:- A Ray of light which is incident normally on a mirror is reflected back along its own path. laws of reflection can be applied to all kinds a reflecting surface.

Answer 1

it means that when the light ray comes from any point and hits on the plane surface and goes back along it own path where angle of incident is equal to angel of reflection
and laws of reflection can be used any where the laws are
1. angle of incident is equal to an

gel of reflection
2. incident ray ,normal ray and reflected ray lay on same plane

Answer 2

It means that when the ray of light (incident ray) falling on a reflecting plane surface is incidented normally, or is perpendicular to the surface, it is reflected along the normal.

We know normal is perpendicular to the smooth surface.
If the ray is incidentally normal, so angle of incidence is 90degrees.
And the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
So the angle of reflection will also be 90degrees.
That means that the angle of incidence= angle of reflection= angle formed by normal.
Hence, the reflected ray follows along the normal.

And of course, whether smooth, or rough, laws of reflection, which are that angle of incidence= angle of reflection and that the incident ray, reflected ray and the normal lie in the same plane, are followed in all types of surfaces.

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