What happened in 1970s in india
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One decade is a long period, and considering the fact that India as an independent Nation was in a transitional age during the decade, a lot of things happened in 1970, which were to have a lasting legacy, and a crucial impact both positive and negative on the psyche of the future polity of the country.
The decade started with India engaging in a war with Pakistan, leading to the dismemberment of the latter and the creation of Bangla Desh. This gave a huge fillip to the sagging political fortunes of a struggling Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, turning her overnight into a heroine in the eyes of a large number of Indian men and women, and won her a massive majority in the hustings.
Under Indira Gandhi, India successfully tested their first nuclear bomb in 1974, becoming the first country to do so outside the exclusive and elite club of the five Permanent Members of United Nations Security Council.
In June 1975 Indira Gandhi proclaimed the Internal Emergency, and unleashed an authoritarian reign which saw undermining of many of the democratic institutions, the Rule of Law, arrest of most of the opposition leaders and the abrogation of the fundamental rights of the citizens. This lasted for 18 months.
In 1977, Indira Gandhi inexplicably suspended the Emergency, and called for general elections. The Indian population asserted their commitment to democracy by voting out the dictatorial Indira Gandhi and and installed a popular government of the Janata Party under Morarji Desai. Both Indira and Sanjay Gandhi lost in their own constituencies.
But the victory was only short lived, and the Janata experiment collapsed within two years under the weight of its own internal contradictions and due to the power struggle between leaders like Desai and Charan Singh. Morarji was forced to resign in mid 1979 leaving Charan Singh to head a government which could not survive for long, and this ultimately led to the return of a resurgent Indira Gandhi in 1980 as the Prime Minister of India, and thus sowed the seeds of the Dynastic succession in Indian politics.
In sports, India created cricket history by winning an overseas Test series under Ajit Wadekar against the redoubtable West Indies in 1971 and following it up with another overseas win over England in the same year. With the arrival of batsmen of the caliber of Sunil Gavaskar and Gundappa Vishwanath, and the legendary exploits of the fabled , India was rapidly emerging as a world power which culminated in the historic World Cup triumph of the Kapil’s Devils in 1983 which catapulted cricket to its iconic status enjoyed by the sport today.
In cinema, the early years of the decade saw the phenomenon of a "Dark Knight" Rising in the Bollywood,answering to the name of Amitabh Bachchan. From just an admiring observer in the Lyrical "Anand" in 1971,through the angry young man of "Zanjeer" in 1973 to the absolute Anti Hero of hard hitting " Deewar" in 1975, Big B with his lanky frame, dusky complexion, brooding eyes and baritone voice, replaced the chocolate boy romantic hero, and revolutionized the Indian movie scene with his own brand of the “Angry Young Man” on his way to super stardom. In the South,there was a clone, a shorter "Dark Knight" was also Rising in the firmament. Rajini Kanth. Both Amitabh and Rajini could never have aspired to stardom - leave alone super stardom - during any other decade except the 1970s. Neither earlier, nor later. Because they were the faces of the decade - Angry young men, Anti Heroes, but still with soft hearts beneath the steely looks. They were thus both the products as well as enduring symbols of the culture of the 1970s.
Any era or epoch is generally defined by its politics, sports and cinema. Thus, by just looking at what path breaking events were unfolding in these three domains, one can grasp the spirit of the 1970s.
The decade started with India engaging in a war with Pakistan, leading to the dismemberment of the latter and the creation of Bangla Desh. This gave a huge fillip to the sagging political fortunes of a struggling Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, turning her overnight into a heroine in the eyes of a large number of Indian men and women, and won her a massive majority in the hustings.
Under Indira Gandhi, India successfully tested their first nuclear bomb in 1974, becoming the first country to do so outside the exclusive and elite club of the five Permanent Members of United Nations Security Council.
In June 1975 Indira Gandhi proclaimed the Internal Emergency, and unleashed an authoritarian reign which saw undermining of many of the democratic institutions, the Rule of Law, arrest of most of the opposition leaders and the abrogation of the fundamental rights of the citizens. This lasted for 18 months.
In 1977, Indira Gandhi inexplicably suspended the Emergency, and called for general elections. The Indian population asserted their commitment to democracy by voting out the dictatorial Indira Gandhi and and installed a popular government of the Janata Party under Morarji Desai. Both Indira and Sanjay Gandhi lost in their own constituencies.
But the victory was only short lived, and the Janata experiment collapsed within two years under the weight of its own internal contradictions and due to the power struggle between leaders like Desai and Charan Singh. Morarji was forced to resign in mid 1979 leaving Charan Singh to head a government which could not survive for long, and this ultimately led to the return of a resurgent Indira Gandhi in 1980 as the Prime Minister of India, and thus sowed the seeds of the Dynastic succession in Indian politics.
In sports, India created cricket history by winning an overseas Test series under Ajit Wadekar against the redoubtable West Indies in 1971 and following it up with another overseas win over England in the same year. With the arrival of batsmen of the caliber of Sunil Gavaskar and Gundappa Vishwanath, and the legendary exploits of the fabled , India was rapidly emerging as a world power which culminated in the historic World Cup triumph of the Kapil’s Devils in 1983 which catapulted cricket to its iconic status enjoyed by the sport today.
In cinema, the early years of the decade saw the phenomenon of a "Dark Knight" Rising in the Bollywood,answering to the name of Amitabh Bachchan. From just an admiring observer in the Lyrical "Anand" in 1971,through the angry young man of "Zanjeer" in 1973 to the absolute Anti Hero of hard hitting " Deewar" in 1975, Big B with his lanky frame, dusky complexion, brooding eyes and baritone voice, replaced the chocolate boy romantic hero, and revolutionized the Indian movie scene with his own brand of the “Angry Young Man” on his way to super stardom. In the South,there was a clone, a shorter "Dark Knight" was also Rising in the firmament. Rajini Kanth. Both Amitabh and Rajini could never have aspired to stardom - leave alone super stardom - during any other decade except the 1970s. Neither earlier, nor later. Because they were the faces of the decade - Angry young men, Anti Heroes, but still with soft hearts beneath the steely looks. They were thus both the products as well as enduring symbols of the culture of the 1970s.
Any era or epoch is generally defined by its politics, sports and cinema. Thus, by just looking at what path breaking events were unfolding in these three domains, one can grasp the spirit of the 1970s.
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