what happens to a chromatin network during cell division
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ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏsᴛ ᴏʙᴠɪᴏᴜs ᴅɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴘʜᴀsᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍɪᴛᴏsɪs ɪɴᴠᴏʟᴠᴇs ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴘᴘᴇᴀʀᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴏғ ᴀ ᴄᴇʟʟ's ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴏsᴏᴍᴇs. ᴅᴜʀɪɴɢ ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴘʜᴀsᴇ, ɪɴᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴜᴀʟ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴏsᴏᴍᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ɴᴏᴛ ᴠɪsɪʙʟᴇ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛɪɴ ᴀᴘᴘᴇᴀʀs ᴅɪғғᴜsᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴜɴᴏʀɢᴀɴɪᴢᴇᴅ.
ʀᴇᴄᴇɴᴛ ʀᴇsᴇᴀʀᴄʜ sᴜɢɢᴇsᴛs, ʜᴏᴡᴇᴠᴇʀ, ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜɪs ɪs ᴀɴ ᴏᴠᴇʀsɪᴍᴘʟɪғɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴏsᴏᴍᴇs ᴍᴀʏ ᴀᴄᴛᴜᴀʟʟʏ ᴏᴄᴄᴜᴘʏ sᴘᴇᴄɪғɪᴄ ᴛᴇʀʀɪᴛᴏʀɪᴇs ᴡɪᴛʜɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴜs (ᴄʀᴇᴍᴇʀ & ᴄʀᴇᴍᴇʀ, 2001).
ɪɴ ᴀɴʏ ᴄᴀsᴇ, ᴀs ᴍɪᴛᴏsɪs ʙᴇɢɪɴs, ᴀ ʀᴇᴍᴀʀᴋᴀʙʟᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴅᴇɴsᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇss ᴛᴀᴋᴇs ᴘʟᴀᴄᴇ, ᴍᴇᴅɪᴀᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴘᴀʀᴛ ʙʏ ᴀɴᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴍᴇᴍʙᴇʀ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ sᴍᴄ ғᴀᴍɪʟʏ, ᴄᴏɴᴅᴇɴsɪɴ (ʜɪʀᴀɴᴏ, 2002; ʜᴀɢsᴛʀᴏᴍ & ᴍᴇʏᴇʀ, 2003).
ʟɪᴋᴇ ᴄᴏʜᴇsɪɴ, ᴄᴏɴᴅᴇɴsɪɴ ɪs ᴀɴ ᴇʟᴏɴɢᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇx ᴏғ sᴇᴠᴇʀᴀʟ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇɪɴs ᴛʜᴀᴛ ʙɪɴᴅs ᴀɴᴅ ᴇɴᴄɪʀᴄʟᴇs ᴅɴᴀ.
ɪɴ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀsᴛ ᴛᴏ ᴄᴏʜᴇsɪɴ, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ʙɪɴᴅs ᴛᴡᴏ sɪsᴛᴇʀ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛɪᴅs ᴛᴏɢᴇᴛʜᴇʀ, ᴄᴏɴᴅᴇɴsɪɴ ɪs ᴛʜᴏᴜɢʜᴛ ᴛᴏ ʙɪɴᴅ ᴀ sɪɴɢʟᴇ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛɪᴅ ᴀᴛ ᴍᴜʟᴛɪᴘʟᴇ sᴘᴏᴛs, ᴛᴡɪsᴛɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛɪɴ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴀ ᴠᴀʀɪᴇᴛʏ ᴏғ ᴄᴏɪʟs ᴀɴᴅ ʟᴏᴏᴘs (ғɪɢᴜʀᴇ 3).
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ᴅᴜʀɪɴɢ ᴍɪᴛᴏsɪs, ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴏsᴏᴍᴇs ʙᴇᴄᴏᴍᴇ ᴀᴛᴛᴀᴄʜᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛʀᴜᴄᴛᴜʀᴇ ᴋɴᴏᴡɴ ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ᴍɪᴛᴏᴛɪᴄ sᴘɪɴᴅʟᴇ. ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴀᴛᴇ 1800s, ᴛʜᴇᴏᴅᴏʀ ʙᴏᴠᴇʀɪ ᴄʀᴇᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇᴀʀʟɪᴇsᴛ ᴅᴇᴛᴀɪʟᴇᴅ ᴅʀᴀᴡɪɴɢs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ sᴘɪɴᴅʟᴇ ʙᴀsᴇᴅ ᴏɴ ʜɪs ᴏʙsᴇʀᴠᴀᴛɪᴏɴs ᴏғ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴅɪᴠɪsɪᴏɴ ɪɴ ᴇᴀʀʟʏ ᴀsᴄᴀʀɪs ᴇᴍʙʀʏᴏs (ғɪɢᴜʀᴇ 4; sᴀᴛᴢɪɴɢᴇʀ, 2008).
ʙᴏᴠᴇʀɪ's ᴅʀᴀᴡɪɴɢs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴀʀᴇ ᴀᴍᴀᴢɪɴɢʟʏ ᴀᴄᴄᴜʀᴀᴛᴇ, sʜᴏᴡ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴏsᴏᴍᴇs ᴀᴛᴛᴀᴄʜᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴀ ʙɪᴘᴏʟᴀʀ ɴᴇᴛᴡᴏʀᴋ ᴏғ ғɪʙᴇʀs.
ʙᴏᴠᴇʀɪ ᴏʙsᴇʀᴠᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ sᴘɪɴᴅʟᴇ ғɪʙᴇʀs ʀᴀᴅɪᴀᴛᴇ ғʀᴏᴍ sᴛʀᴜᴄᴛᴜʀᴇs ᴀᴛ ᴇᴀᴄʜ ᴘᴏʟᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴡᴇ ɴᴏᴡ ʀᴇᴄᴏɢɴɪᴢᴇ ᴀs ᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴏsᴏᴍᴇs, ᴀɴᴅ ʜᴇ ᴀʟsᴏ ɴᴏᴛᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴇᴀᴄʜ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴏsᴏᴍᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴs ᴛᴡᴏ sᴍᴀʟʟ, ʀᴏᴅʟɪᴋᴇ ʙᴏᴅɪᴇs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴀʀᴇ ɴᴏᴡ ᴋɴᴏᴡɴ ᴀs ᴄᴇɴᴛʀɪᴏʟᴇs.
ʙᴏᴠᴇʀɪ ᴏʙsᴇʀᴠᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀɪᴏʟᴇs ᴅᴜᴘʟɪᴄᴀᴛᴇ ʙᴇғᴏʀᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴏsᴏᴍᴇs ʙᴇᴄᴏᴍᴇ ᴠɪsɪʙʟᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴡᴏ ᴘᴀɪʀs ᴏғ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀɪᴏʟᴇs ᴍᴏᴠᴇ ᴛᴏ sᴇᴘᴀʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴘᴏʟᴇs ʙᴇғᴏʀᴇ ᴛʜᴇ sᴘɪɴᴅʟᴇ ᴀssᴇᴍʙʟᴇs.
ᴡᴇ ɴᴏᴡ ᴋɴᴏᴡ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀɪᴏʟᴇs ᴅᴜᴘʟɪᴄᴀᴛᴇ ᴅᴜʀɪɴɢ s ᴘʜᴀsᴇ, ᴀʟᴛʜᴏᴜɢʜ ᴍᴀɴʏ ᴅᴇᴛᴀɪʟs ᴏғ ᴛʜɪs ᴅᴜᴘʟɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇss ᴀʀᴇ sᴛɪʟʟ ᴜɴᴅᴇʀ ɪɴᴠᴇsᴛɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ.
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ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏsᴛ ᴏʙᴠɪᴏᴜs ᴅɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴘʜᴀsᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍɪᴛᴏsɪs ɪɴᴠᴏʟᴠᴇs ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴘᴘᴇᴀʀᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴏғ ᴀ ᴄᴇʟʟ's ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴏsᴏᴍᴇs. ᴅᴜʀɪɴɢ ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴘʜᴀsᴇ, ɪɴᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴜᴀʟ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴏsᴏᴍᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ɴᴏᴛ ᴠɪsɪʙʟᴇ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛɪɴ ᴀᴘᴘᴇᴀʀs ᴅɪғғᴜsᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴜɴᴏʀɢᴀɴɪᴢᴇᴅ.
ʀᴇᴄᴇɴᴛ ʀᴇsᴇᴀʀᴄʜ sᴜɢɢᴇsᴛs, ʜᴏᴡᴇᴠᴇʀ, ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜɪs ɪs ᴀɴ ᴏᴠᴇʀsɪᴍᴘʟɪғɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴏsᴏᴍᴇs ᴍᴀʏ ᴀᴄᴛᴜᴀʟʟʏ ᴏᴄᴄᴜᴘʏ sᴘᴇᴄɪғɪᴄ ᴛᴇʀʀɪᴛᴏʀɪᴇs ᴡɪᴛʜɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴜs (ᴄʀᴇᴍᴇʀ & ᴄʀᴇᴍᴇʀ, 2001).
ɪɴ ᴀɴʏ ᴄᴀsᴇ, ᴀs ᴍɪᴛᴏsɪs ʙᴇɢɪɴs, ᴀ ʀᴇᴍᴀʀᴋᴀʙʟᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴅᴇɴsᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇss ᴛᴀᴋᴇs ᴘʟᴀᴄᴇ, ᴍᴇᴅɪᴀᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴘᴀʀᴛ ʙʏ ᴀɴᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴍᴇᴍʙᴇʀ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ sᴍᴄ ғᴀᴍɪʟʏ, ᴄᴏɴᴅᴇɴsɪɴ (ʜɪʀᴀɴᴏ, 2002; ʜᴀɢsᴛʀᴏᴍ & ᴍᴇʏᴇʀ, 2003).
ʟɪᴋᴇ ᴄᴏʜᴇsɪɴ, ᴄᴏɴᴅᴇɴsɪɴ ɪs ᴀɴ ᴇʟᴏɴɢᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇx ᴏғ sᴇᴠᴇʀᴀʟ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇɪɴs ᴛʜᴀᴛ ʙɪɴᴅs ᴀɴᴅ ᴇɴᴄɪʀᴄʟᴇs ᴅɴᴀ.
ɪɴ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀsᴛ ᴛᴏ ᴄᴏʜᴇsɪɴ, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ʙɪɴᴅs ᴛᴡᴏ sɪsᴛᴇʀ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛɪᴅs ᴛᴏɢᴇᴛʜᴇʀ, ᴄᴏɴᴅᴇɴsɪɴ ɪs ᴛʜᴏᴜɢʜᴛ ᴛᴏ ʙɪɴᴅ ᴀ sɪɴɢʟᴇ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛɪᴅ ᴀᴛ ᴍᴜʟᴛɪᴘʟᴇ sᴘᴏᴛs, ᴛᴡɪsᴛɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛɪɴ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴀ ᴠᴀʀɪᴇᴛʏ ᴏғ ᴄᴏɪʟs ᴀɴᴅ ʟᴏᴏᴘs (ғɪɢᴜʀᴇ 3).
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ᴅᴜʀɪɴɢ ᴍɪᴛᴏsɪs, ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴏsᴏᴍᴇs ʙᴇᴄᴏᴍᴇ ᴀᴛᴛᴀᴄʜᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛʀᴜᴄᴛᴜʀᴇ ᴋɴᴏᴡɴ ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ᴍɪᴛᴏᴛɪᴄ sᴘɪɴᴅʟᴇ. ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴀᴛᴇ 1800s, ᴛʜᴇᴏᴅᴏʀ ʙᴏᴠᴇʀɪ ᴄʀᴇᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇᴀʀʟɪᴇsᴛ ᴅᴇᴛᴀɪʟᴇᴅ ᴅʀᴀᴡɪɴɢs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ sᴘɪɴᴅʟᴇ ʙᴀsᴇᴅ ᴏɴ ʜɪs ᴏʙsᴇʀᴠᴀᴛɪᴏɴs ᴏғ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴅɪᴠɪsɪᴏɴ ɪɴ ᴇᴀʀʟʏ ᴀsᴄᴀʀɪs ᴇᴍʙʀʏᴏs (ғɪɢᴜʀᴇ 4; sᴀᴛᴢɪɴɢᴇʀ, 2008).
ʙᴏᴠᴇʀɪ's ᴅʀᴀᴡɪɴɢs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴀʀᴇ ᴀᴍᴀᴢɪɴɢʟʏ ᴀᴄᴄᴜʀᴀᴛᴇ, sʜᴏᴡ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴏsᴏᴍᴇs ᴀᴛᴛᴀᴄʜᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴀ ʙɪᴘᴏʟᴀʀ ɴᴇᴛᴡᴏʀᴋ ᴏғ ғɪʙᴇʀs.
ʙᴏᴠᴇʀɪ ᴏʙsᴇʀᴠᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ sᴘɪɴᴅʟᴇ ғɪʙᴇʀs ʀᴀᴅɪᴀᴛᴇ ғʀᴏᴍ sᴛʀᴜᴄᴛᴜʀᴇs ᴀᴛ ᴇᴀᴄʜ ᴘᴏʟᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴡᴇ ɴᴏᴡ ʀᴇᴄᴏɢɴɪᴢᴇ ᴀs ᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴏsᴏᴍᴇs, ᴀɴᴅ ʜᴇ ᴀʟsᴏ ɴᴏᴛᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴇᴀᴄʜ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴏsᴏᴍᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴs ᴛᴡᴏ sᴍᴀʟʟ, ʀᴏᴅʟɪᴋᴇ ʙᴏᴅɪᴇs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴀʀᴇ ɴᴏᴡ ᴋɴᴏᴡɴ ᴀs ᴄᴇɴᴛʀɪᴏʟᴇs.
ʙᴏᴠᴇʀɪ ᴏʙsᴇʀᴠᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀɪᴏʟᴇs ᴅᴜᴘʟɪᴄᴀᴛᴇ ʙᴇғᴏʀᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴏsᴏᴍᴇs ʙᴇᴄᴏᴍᴇ ᴠɪsɪʙʟᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴡᴏ ᴘᴀɪʀs ᴏғ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀɪᴏʟᴇs ᴍᴏᴠᴇ ᴛᴏ sᴇᴘᴀʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴘᴏʟᴇs ʙᴇғᴏʀᴇ ᴛʜᴇ sᴘɪɴᴅʟᴇ ᴀssᴇᴍʙʟᴇs.
ᴡᴇ ɴᴏᴡ ᴋɴᴏᴡ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀɪᴏʟᴇs ᴅᴜᴘʟɪᴄᴀᴛᴇ ᴅᴜʀɪɴɢ s ᴘʜᴀsᴇ, ᴀʟᴛʜᴏᴜɢʜ ᴍᴀɴʏ ᴅᴇᴛᴀɪʟs ᴏғ ᴛʜɪs ᴅᴜᴘʟɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇss ᴀʀᴇ sᴛɪʟʟ ᴜɴᴅᴇʀ ɪɴᴠᴇsᴛɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ.
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Chromosome during mitosis .since DNA replicates during interphase, the cell contains two identical duplicate copy of each chromosome prior to entering Mitosis .
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