what have been found in many neolithic sites ?
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longest day of the year. Many of us will simply marvel at today’s 17 hours of daylight and leave it at that but this day was important to ancient Europeans. Though we can only speculate on what their beliefs were, many burial sites and stone circles have been found to align with the sun on the Summer Solstice – none are more famous than Stonehenge.
Modern day Pagans and curious folk alike will have gathered this morning to watch the sun rise from this 5000 year old stone circle. Incredibly, sites similar to it are peppered throughout the British Isles and even here on the Isle of Man.
Below is a list of places on the island that date from the Neolithic to the Viking age and include burial sites, stone carvings, artifacts, and curious stones. Find each of them at the orange markers on the google map below.
Modern day Pagans and curious folk alike will have gathered this morning to watch the sun rise from this 5000 year old stone circle. Incredibly, sites similar to it are peppered throughout the British Isles and even here on the Isle of Man.
Below is a list of places on the island that date from the Neolithic to the Viking age and include burial sites, stone carvings, artifacts, and curious stones. Find each of them at the orange markers on the google map below.
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In India, Neolithic sites of Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Chotonagpur, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Mysore, Gujarat, Madras, and West Bengal.
Save and except these lithic finds, the Indian Neolithic sites do not bear any other characteristics of true Neolithic way of life. The evidences of domestication of plants and animals are altogether lacking in India. The useful Neolithic art of spinning and weaving could not be traced in the Indian Neolithic site. Thus, in India, our sole concentration will be upon the lithic finds and pot-sherds.
Burzahom site in Kashmir is located in a cave inside Mahadeva hills on famous Kashmir Valley. The other twin sites, Gurfkral & Martand, are close to it. De Terra and Paterson were among the earliest scholars to carry on their search on these sites. Situated 6 miles north-east of Srinagar on the flood-plain of Jhelum, locally known as Karewa, Burzahom affords many significant Neolithic traits. In 1959, the Archaeological Survey of India took up further excavation works and initiated systematic studies. Radio-Carbon dating reveals that this industry flourished between 2375 B.O and 500 B.C.
The unique evidence of pit-dwellings with wooden super-structures, coarse grey or black polished pottery frequently with ‘mat-bases’, large number of bone tools in the shape of points, awls, needles, harpoon heads, stone-axes, ring-stones, a type of specialized choppers (pierced, rectangular), knife with razor-like blade, are the characteristics of the Burzahom Period I.
In periods II and III, we find the continuity of bone and stone tools of the previous period. In period II, the evidences of ‘purposeful’ burials of animals (of course domesticated variety, like the dog) along with their masters could be marked. These skeletons were coloured with red ochre. Bone needles with eyes indicated that the makers used to prepare leather-garments. In period III, a new style in pottery has been marked; grey or black coloured pottery had been replaced by coarse, wheel-made, red wares. Burzahom cave site has another interesting point to note— an engraved hunting scene which strongly suggests their hunting economy. Just below the engraved figures of sun and the dog, the hunting scene depicting a deer being attacked from front by bow and arrow and from behind by hunting spear, is something worth mentioning.
Save and except these lithic finds, the Indian Neolithic sites do not bear any other characteristics of true Neolithic way of life. The evidences of domestication of plants and animals are altogether lacking in India. The useful Neolithic art of spinning and weaving could not be traced in the Indian Neolithic site. Thus, in India, our sole concentration will be upon the lithic finds and pot-sherds.
Burzahom site in Kashmir is located in a cave inside Mahadeva hills on famous Kashmir Valley. The other twin sites, Gurfkral & Martand, are close to it. De Terra and Paterson were among the earliest scholars to carry on their search on these sites. Situated 6 miles north-east of Srinagar on the flood-plain of Jhelum, locally known as Karewa, Burzahom affords many significant Neolithic traits. In 1959, the Archaeological Survey of India took up further excavation works and initiated systematic studies. Radio-Carbon dating reveals that this industry flourished between 2375 B.O and 500 B.C.
The unique evidence of pit-dwellings with wooden super-structures, coarse grey or black polished pottery frequently with ‘mat-bases’, large number of bone tools in the shape of points, awls, needles, harpoon heads, stone-axes, ring-stones, a type of specialized choppers (pierced, rectangular), knife with razor-like blade, are the characteristics of the Burzahom Period I.
In periods II and III, we find the continuity of bone and stone tools of the previous period. In period II, the evidences of ‘purposeful’ burials of animals (of course domesticated variety, like the dog) along with their masters could be marked. These skeletons were coloured with red ochre. Bone needles with eyes indicated that the makers used to prepare leather-garments. In period III, a new style in pottery has been marked; grey or black coloured pottery had been replaced by coarse, wheel-made, red wares. Burzahom cave site has another interesting point to note— an engraved hunting scene which strongly suggests their hunting economy. Just below the engraved figures of sun and the dog, the hunting scene depicting a deer being attacked from front by bow and arrow and from behind by hunting spear, is something worth mentioning.
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