what impelements did the farmer's use to harvest the paddi
Answers
Suhaga
1. Wooden Pole: These are used to detach grains from the maize cobs and grains from other crops through a beating action.
2. Suhaga: This is used to thresh both wheat and paddy crops according to traditional practice through the rubbing action of the suhaga with the tillers of crops.
Answer:
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Explanation:
Rice is the foremost staple food of India ensuring national food and nutritional security. Rice farmers, however are facing challenges to increase production and income with increased cost of cultivation and labour shortage. With the emerging challenges of climate change and declining land-holding, the situation is expected to aggravate further. Farm mechanization is the only option to enhance farm productivity and profitability. Operation wise mechanization requirements of rice crop, especially for small land holdings, have been identified and matching implements have been developed at ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack. A brief description of each implement/technology is given below:
Twogang notch type disc harrow
is bullock drawn implement which is used for puddling the field. It has two gang with two notch type disc mounted over each hollow drum. It has provision for adding weight (sand) inside the drum to get better penetration in the soil.
Drum type disc harrow is a bullock drawn implement used for puddling. It has two gang with three plane disc mounted over each hollow drum. Its field’s capacity is 0.4 hectare per hour. Two operations of float-harrow are sufficient to create field conditions ready for transplanting the seedlings. The puddling time is decreased from 42 hours which is required in caseof indigenous plough to 11 hours.
One row manual paddy seed drill is suitable for dry sowing of paddy seed in row spacing of 20 cm. Its field capacity is 0.008 to 0.01 hectare per hour
Two row manual paddy seed drill is a manually pulled seed drill. It is suitable for dry sowing of paddy seed at row spacing of 20 cm. It has cup type seed metering mechanism. Its field capacity is 0.019 to 0.022 hectare per hour.
Three row manual paddy seed drill has fluted roller type seed metering mechanism. It is suitable for dry sowing of paddy seed at row spacing of 20 cm. Its field capacity is 0.03-0.04 hectar e per hour. The machine saved seed and labours in sowing of crops along the rows that helped in weeding and intercultural operation
Bullock drawn three row seed drill is a three row seed drill having cup type seed metering mechanism pulled by a pair of bullock. It is suitable for sowing rice in dry field. Its field capacity is 0.15 hectare per hour.
Three row self propelled hill seeder is a three row seeder suitable for dry hill seeding of rice. It has 3.5 H.P. petrol start kerosene driven engine as a source of power. Its row to rowspacing is 20 cm. Its field capacity is 0.1 hectare per hour.
Power tiller operated seed drill for rice and pulse is a five row seed drill having fluted roller type seed metering mechanism. It is suitable for dry sowing of rice, wheat, greengram, and black gram etc. Its field capacity is 0.14 hectare per hour.
Power tiller operated seed drill for rice and Groundnut is a five row seed drill having plastic wheels with grooves on its periphery as seed metering mechanism. It is suitable for dry sowing rice and groundnut. Its row to row spacing is 25 cm. The field capacity of is 0.15 hectare per hour.
Ten row tractor drawn seed drill is suitable for seeding in dry field. The field capacity of the seed drill is 0.8 hectare per hour. Row to row distance can be adjusted. It saved 70% time and 55% labour cost and weeding cost as compared to broadcasting and transplanting method.
Three row manual puddle seeder is suitable for sowing of pre-germinated rice seed in puddled field. It has float on the front to avoid sinkage of the machine. The seed rate is controlled by varying the positioning of seed box. The field capacity of machine is 0.15 hectare per hour.
Four row manual drawn seeder (hyperboloid shape) is suitable for sowing sprouted paddy seed in puddled field at row spacing of 20 cm. Its field capacity is 0.030-0.034 hectare per hour.Sowing with drum seeder reduced seed rate by 60 – 65% as compared to broadcast seeding and reduced weeding cost about 65%.
Six row manual drum seeder (Cylindrical shape) is suitable for sowing of sprouted paddy seed in puddled field at row spacing of 20 cm. Its field capacity is 0.037 0.04 hectare per hour. Its unit cost is Rs. 6500. It reduced seed rate by 35-40% as compared to broadcast seeding and reduced weeding cost about 55%.
Eight row self propelled seeder is an eight row, engine operated paddy seeder. It is suitable for sowing of sprouted paddy seed in puddled field at row spacing of 20 cm. Its field capacity is 0.23-0.25 hectare per hour. Pre-germinated paddy seeding has economical and operational advantages over traditional planting methods because it eliminates nursery raising, transportation and physical damage to the seedlings.