what is a difference between nitrification and dentrification
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Nitrification
Follows ammonification processTransformation of ammonium to nitrateOxidation reactionFacilitated by two main types of chemoautrophic aerobic bacteria: Nitrosomonas and NitrobacterTwo –step process: conversion of ammonium to nitrite, then conversion of nitrite to nitrateCreates a nitrogen nutrient form available for absorption by plant rootsReactant (ammonium) found in urea from animal wastes and fertilizers, composts and decomposing cover crops or crop residuesNitrifiers more sensitive to environmental stressesInhibited by flooding, high salinity, high acidity, high alkalinity, excessive tilling and toxic compoundsFavoured by aerobic conditions, pH between 6.5 and 8.5, temperatures between 16 and 35 degrees C and high clay content
Denitrification
Follows nitrification processTransformation of nitrate to nitrogenous gases, mainly nitrogen and nitrous oxideReduction reactionFacilitated by heterotrophic facultative bacteriaSequence of steps: conversion of nitrate to nitrite, to nitric oxide, to nitrous oxide and finally to nitrogenDecontaminates wastewater and aquatic systems by lowering nitrate levelsReactant (nitrate) formed by nitrification, while carbon sources for denitrifiers are found in manure, cover crops and crop residues, or provided by methanol or acetic acidDenitrifiers less sensitive to environmental stressesInhibited by reduced nitrification, lowered nitrate levels, deep placement of coated controlled-release fertilizer and soil drainage
Follows ammonification processTransformation of ammonium to nitrateOxidation reactionFacilitated by two main types of chemoautrophic aerobic bacteria: Nitrosomonas and NitrobacterTwo –step process: conversion of ammonium to nitrite, then conversion of nitrite to nitrateCreates a nitrogen nutrient form available for absorption by plant rootsReactant (ammonium) found in urea from animal wastes and fertilizers, composts and decomposing cover crops or crop residuesNitrifiers more sensitive to environmental stressesInhibited by flooding, high salinity, high acidity, high alkalinity, excessive tilling and toxic compoundsFavoured by aerobic conditions, pH between 6.5 and 8.5, temperatures between 16 and 35 degrees C and high clay content
Denitrification
Follows nitrification processTransformation of nitrate to nitrogenous gases, mainly nitrogen and nitrous oxideReduction reactionFacilitated by heterotrophic facultative bacteriaSequence of steps: conversion of nitrate to nitrite, to nitric oxide, to nitrous oxide and finally to nitrogenDecontaminates wastewater and aquatic systems by lowering nitrate levelsReactant (nitrate) formed by nitrification, while carbon sources for denitrifiers are found in manure, cover crops and crop residues, or provided by methanol or acetic acidDenitrifiers less sensitive to environmental stressesInhibited by reduced nitrification, lowered nitrate levels, deep placement of coated controlled-release fertilizer and soil drainage
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