what is a electric generator?write the principal and working of it
Answers
Explanation:
The electric generator is a machine for producing electric current or electricity. The electric generator convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Principle of working of an electric generator:
Electric generator is an application of electromagnetic induction.
Electric generator works on the principle that when a straight conductor is moved in a magnetic field, then current is induced in the conductor
In an electric generator a rectangular coil is made to rotate rapidly in the magnetic field between the poles of a horseshoe type magnet. When the coil rotates it cut the magnetic field lines due to which current is produced in the coil .
Electric generators are of two types:
Alternating current generator(A.C generator)
Direct current generator (D.C generator)
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In electricity generation, a generator is a device that converts motive power into electrical power for use in an external circuit. Sources of mechanical energy include steam turbines, gas turbines, water turbines, internal combustion engines, wind turbines and even hand cranks.
Principle: Electric generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Construction: A loop ABCD is rotated in a permanent magnetic field. Its ends are connected with two semi-circular rings as shown in the figure below. These rings are insulated from each other and can slide while remaining in contact with brushes X and Y. A galvanometer is connected between the two ends of the brush.
Working: On rotating the loop in a magnetic field, the side AB moves upward and the side CD moves downwards. Thus magnetic flux linked with the loop changes and a current is induced in it whose direction can be determined by Flemings right hand rule.In the figure, the current is flowing through the path
B-A-G-D-C.
After half rotation, the ring P comes in contact with brush Y and the ring Q, comes in contact with brush X. Thus, the brush X is always in contact with the side moving upwards and brush Y is always in contact with side moving downwards as a result of which the current flows in one direction. This current is called direct current. This type of generator is called D.C. generator. Similarly, instead of a half ring, if a full ring is used then, A.C. current can be generated and such a generator is called an A.C. generator.
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