what is a liberal view behind the organ the body donation
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The Donation of human organ
Organ transplantation raises difficult ethical questions about people’s claims to determine what happens to their bodies before and after death. What are these claims? What would it be to respect them? How should they fit with the claims of organ donors’ families or the needs of people whose own organs have failed? And then how should organs be allocated? Who should get priority and why? As with other topics in applied ethics, satisfactory answers require knowing the relevant facts, in this case about organ transplantation.
In summary form, the following empirical claims about organ transplantation are widely accepted:
Organ transplantation is a successful treatment for organ failure in many cases.
Organ transplantation is cost-effective (Machnicki et al. 2006).
Most organ transplantation nowadays is routine, not experimental (Tilney 2003; Veatch and Ross 2015). The organs in question are the kidney, liver, heart, lung, pancreas, and intestine. This entry discusses only the “routine” cases. Experimental ones raise additional questions, but these are more properly dealt with as part of the entry on the ethics of clinical research. Present examples of experimental transplantation include faces and uteri (Catsanos, Rogers, and Lotz 2013; Freeman and Jaoudé 2007; Wilkinson and Williams 2015).
Transplant organs are often scarce. Many people who would benefit from receiving a transplant do not get one.
Organs are taken from the dead and the living. Each category raises separate problems and we begin with dead organ donors.
1. Organ Retrieval from the Dead
1.1 Organ retrieval in practice
1.2 Proposals for reform
1.2.1 Encourage or mandate clearer choices by the deceased
1.2.2 End the family’s power of veto
1.2.3 Change defaults so that organs are taken except when the deceased formally objected
1.2.4 Conscript Organs
1.2.5 Further Proposals
2. Organ Retrieval from Living Donors
2.1 “Do no harm”
2.2 Valid Consent
2.3 The moral force of consent
2.4 Incompetent living donors
3. The Allocation of Organs
3.1 The complexity of organ allocation
3.2 Self-inflicted illness and social value
3.3 The interaction of allocation and donation
Bibliography
Academic Tools
Other Internet Resources
Related Entries
Organ transplantation raises difficult ethical questions about people’s claims to determine what happens to their bodies before and after death. What are these claims? What would it be to respect them? How should they fit with the claims of organ donors’ families or the needs of people whose own organs have failed? And then how should organs be allocated? Who should get priority and why? As with other topics in applied ethics, satisfactory answers require knowing the relevant facts, in this case about organ transplantation.
In summary form, the following empirical claims about organ transplantation are widely accepted:
Organ transplantation is a successful treatment for organ failure in many cases.
Organ transplantation is cost-effective (Machnicki et al. 2006).
Most organ transplantation nowadays is routine, not experimental (Tilney 2003; Veatch and Ross 2015). The organs in question are the kidney, liver, heart, lung, pancreas, and intestine. This entry discusses only the “routine” cases. Experimental ones raise additional questions, but these are more properly dealt with as part of the entry on the ethics of clinical research. Present examples of experimental transplantation include faces and uteri (Catsanos, Rogers, and Lotz 2013; Freeman and Jaoudé 2007; Wilkinson and Williams 2015).
Transplant organs are often scarce. Many people who would benefit from receiving a transplant do not get one.
Organs are taken from the dead and the living. Each category raises separate problems and we begin with dead organ donors.
1. Organ Retrieval from the Dead
1.1 Organ retrieval in practice
1.2 Proposals for reform
1.2.1 Encourage or mandate clearer choices by the deceased
1.2.2 End the family’s power of veto
1.2.3 Change defaults so that organs are taken except when the deceased formally objected
1.2.4 Conscript Organs
1.2.5 Further Proposals
2. Organ Retrieval from Living Donors
2.1 “Do no harm”
2.2 Valid Consent
2.3 The moral force of consent
2.4 Incompetent living donors
3. The Allocation of Organs
3.1 The complexity of organ allocation
3.2 Self-inflicted illness and social value
3.3 The interaction of allocation and donation
Bibliography
Academic Tools
Other Internet Resources
Related Entries
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There are so many people without organs, or defective organs.
They need a person from whose organ they can fit .
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