Question

What is a longitudinal wave that needs a medium in order to propagate?

Answer 1

Longitudinal waves include sound waves (vibrations in pressure, a particle of displacement, and particle velocity propagated in an elastic medium) and seismic P-waves (created by earthquakes and explosions). In longitudinal waves, the displacement of the medium is parallel to the propagation of the wave.

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Answer 2

Longitudinal waves are class of mechanical waves where particles vibrate to allow wave propagation.

Explanation:

• A longitudinal wave requires medium to travel.
• Propagation of longitudinal waves happen through vibration of particles in the medium.
• The direction of vibration of particles in the medium is along the direction of propagation of wave.
• Particles oscillate or vibrate back and forth along their positions and wave is passed along.
• Periodic disturbance in particles takes place in the direction that is  along the advancement of wave.
• Compression and rarefaction of particles help in propagation of wave.
• Sound wave is an example of longitudinal wave.
• Connecting an electric bell with a vacuum pump can illustrate that sound wave requires medium for traveling.
• Keeping the electric bell in a glass jar and sucking out all the air through the vacuum pump, will not allow travel of sound waves and so even if the electric ell rings, no sound is heard.
• This shows that since there is no air in the jar, there are no particles for vibration and so the sound wave cannot propagate.