what is analogous series
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In chemistry, a structural analog, also known as a chemical analog or simply an analog, is a compound having a structure similar to that of another one, but differing from it in respect of a certain component.
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Structures and physiological processes can be similar in organisms that
are not closely phylogenetically related and they may show similar
adaptations to perform the same function. These are referred to as
analogous.
Some examples for analogous structures are eyes of vertebrates and cephalopods, wings of insects and birds, jointed legs of vertebrates and insects, thorns on plants and spines on animals etc.
Similarities found in analogous structures are only superficial. For example, insect wings and wings of bats and birds are analogous structures, but the wings of the insects are supports by veins composed of cuticle and the wings of birds and bats are supported by bones. Also, vertebrate eyes and cephalopod eyes are analogous structures, but the embryological development of the two is different. Cephalopods have erect retina and photoreceptors facing the incoming light. In contrast, in vertebrates the retina is inverted and the photoreceptors are separated from the incoming light by the connecting neurons. Therefore, the vertebrates have a blind spot and the cephalopods do not have a blind spot. Convergent evolution is supported by the presence of analogous structures.
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Some examples for analogous structures are eyes of vertebrates and cephalopods, wings of insects and birds, jointed legs of vertebrates and insects, thorns on plants and spines on animals etc.
Similarities found in analogous structures are only superficial. For example, insect wings and wings of bats and birds are analogous structures, but the wings of the insects are supports by veins composed of cuticle and the wings of birds and bats are supported by bones. Also, vertebrate eyes and cephalopod eyes are analogous structures, but the embryological development of the two is different. Cephalopods have erect retina and photoreceptors facing the incoming light. In contrast, in vertebrates the retina is inverted and the photoreceptors are separated from the incoming light by the connecting neurons. Therefore, the vertebrates have a blind spot and the cephalopods do not have a blind spot. Convergent evolution is supported by the presence of analogous structures.
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