Question

what is associated with improving and maintaining
hygienic and sanitary conditions ​

Answer 1

Answer:

Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases. Hygiene is a concept related to cleanliness, health and medicine.

Answer 2

Explanation:

Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve

health. According to the World Health Organization

(WHO), “Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that

help to maintain health and prevent the spread of

diseases. Hygiene is a concept related to cleanliness,

health and medicine. It is as well related to personal

and professional care practices. In medicine and

everyday life settings, hygiene practices are employed

as preventative measures to reduce the incidence and

spreading of disease. Hygiene practices vary, and what

is considered acceptable in one culture might not be

acceptable in another. In the manufacturing of food,

pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other products, good

hygiene is a critical component of quality assurance.

The terms cleanliness and hygiene are often used

interchangeably, which can cause confusion. In general,

hygiene refers to practices that prevent spread ofdisease-causing organisms. Cleaning processes (e.g., hand

washing) remove infectious microbes as well as dirt and soil,

and are thus often the means to achieve hygiene.

Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and

services for the safe disposal of human urine and feces. The

word ‘sanitation’ also refers to the maintenance of hygienic

conditions, through services such as garbage collection and

wastewater disposal.(WHO).

Environmental sanitation envisages promotion of health of the

community by providing clean environment and breaking the

cycle of disease. It depends on various factors that include hygiene, status of the people,

types of resources available, innovative and appropriate technologies according to the

requirement of the community, socioeconomic development of the country, cultural factors

related to environmental sanitation, political commitment, capacity building of the concerned

sectors, social factors including behavioral pattern of the community, legislative measures

adopted, and others. India is still lagging far behind many countries in the field of

environmental sanitation.(Pandve, 2008).

Ecological sanitation, which is commonly abbreviated to ecosan, is an approach, rather

than a technology or a device which is characterized by a desire to “close the loop” (mainly

for the nutrients and organic matter) between sanitation and agriculture in a safe manner.

Put in other words: “Ecosan systems safely recycle excreta resources (plant nutrients and

organic matter) to crop production in such a way that the use of non-renewable resources is

minimized”. When properly designed and operated, ecosan systems provide a hygienically

safe, economical, and closed-loop system to convert human excreta into nutrients to be

returned to the soil, and water to be returned to the land. Ecosan is also called resourceoriented sanitation

Sustainable sanitation considers the entire “sanitation value chain”, from the experience of

the user, excreta and wastewater collection methods, transportation or conveyance of waste,

treatment, and reuse or disposal. The term is widely used since about 2009. In 2007

the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance defined five sustainability criteria to compare the

sustainability of sanitation systems. In order to be sustainable, a sanitation system has to be

economically viable, socially acceptable, technically and institutionally appropriate, and it

should also protect the environment and the natural resource

Sustainable Development – the core concept for the Post-2015 Development Agenda –

provides an integrated response to the complex environmental, societal, economic and

governance challenges that directly and disproportionately affect children. With appropriate

focus, investment and innovation, the Post-2015 Development Agenda presents an

unprecedented opportunity to create a World Fit for All Children.

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The relationship between children and sustainable development is symbiotic. Progress in

sustainable development underpins child rights and well-being, and conversely, child rights

and well-being underpin lasting and equitable development progress. Finding the balance

to achieve progress for all in today’s world and for future generations depends upon three

key propositions:

1. Sustainable development starts with safe, healthy and well-educated children;

2. Safe and sustainable societies are, in turn, essential for sensitive groups such as children,

women and elderly; and

3. Children’s voices, choices and participation are critical for the sustainable future we want.

2.2. Focus of the Sub theme

The primary objective of this sub theme is to explore, document and analyze the role of

health, hygiene and sanitation on the health of not only humans but of the entire ecosystem

and thus its impact on sustainable development in terms of use of science, technology and

innovative approaches and ideas.

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