Question

What is atom??( hrd resg osc )​

Answer 1

Answer:

the smallest particle of a substance or matter is called atom

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Answer 2

Answer:

The Bohr Atom

In 1911, the 26-year-old Niels Bohr earned a Ph. D. at the University of Copenhagen; his dissertation was titled "Studies on the Electron Theory of Metals". He was awarded a postdoctoral fellowship funded by the Carlsberg Brewery Foundation, which enabled him to go to Cambridge in September to study with J. J. Thomson. Bohr was a great admirer of Thomson's many achievements, both experimental and theoretical. In his thesis work, he had closely studied some of the problems covered in Thomson's bookConduction of Electricity through Gases.He had uncovered some apparent errors in Thomson's work, and looked forward to discussing these points with the great man. Unfortunately, by the time Bohr arrived, the Cavendish Laboratory had grown to the point where Thomson as director had more than he could manage. He had no spare time to think about electrons, and was not happy to hear from Bohr that some of his earlier work might be incorrect. In fact, Thomson went out of his way to avoid theoretical discussions with Bohr (Pais, page 195). He did assign Bohr an experiment on positive rays, but Bohr was not enthusiastic. (Rhodes, page 65) Bohr kept himself busy writing a paper on electrons in metals, reading Dickens to improve his English, and playing soccer.

In December, Rutherford came down from Manchester for the annual Cavendish dinner. Bohr later said that he was deeply impressed by Rutherford's charm, his force of personality, and his patience to listen to every young man who might have an idea—certainly a refreshing change after J. J.! A little later, Bohr met with Rutherford again when he visited one of his father's friends in Manchester, someone who also knew Rutherford. Although Rutherford was usually skeptical of theorists, he liked Bohr. For one thing, Rutherford was a soccer fan, and Bohr's brother Harald (only nineteen months younger than Bohr) was famous—he had played in the silver medal winning Danish soccer team at the 1908 Olympics in London.

After talking it over with Harald, who visited Cambridge in January, Bohr moved to Manchester in March, and took a six-week lab course, given by Geiger, Marsden and others. Really, though, his interests were theoretical, and he talked a lot with Charles Galton Darwin—"grandson of the real Darwin", as Bohr put it in a letter to Harald. Darwin had just completed a theoretical analysis of the loss of energy of an α -particle going through matter—that is, an α that doesn't get close enough to a nucleus to be scattered. Such α 's gradually lose energy by churning through the electrons, and the rate of loss depends on how many electrons they encounter. In particular, Bohr concluded, after reviewing and improving on Darwin's work, it seemed clear that the hydrogen atom almost certainly had asingleelectron outside the nucleus.