Question

what is bacterial transformation?​

Answer 1

Answer:

Transformation is the process in which the genetic makeup of a cell is changed by the introduction of DNA from the surrounding environment. Scientists commonly use the bacteria found in our gut in bacterial transformation experiments.

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Answer 2

Explanation:

Bacterial transformation is a process of horizontal gene transfer by which some bacteria take up foreign genetic material (naked DNA) from the environment. It was first reported in Streptococcus pneumoniae by Griffith in 1928.1 DNA as the transforming principle was demonstrated by Avery et al in 1944.2

The process of gene transfer by transformation does not require a living donor cell but only requires the presence of persistent DNA in the environment. The prerequisite for bacteria to undergo transformation is its ability to take up free, extracellular genetic material. Such bacteria are termed as competent cells.

The factors that regulate natural competence vary between various genera. Once the transforming factor (DNA) enters the cytoplasm, it may be degraded by nucleases if it is different from the bacterial DNA. If the exogenous genetic material is similar to bacterial DNA, it may integrate into the chromosome. Sometimes the exogenous genetic material may co-exist as a plasmid with chromosomal DNA...

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