Question

What is banking of roads.? Why is it necessary?

Answer 1

The process of raising outer edge of a road over its inner edge through certain angle $\theta$, is known as banking of road and angle $\theta$ is known as angle of banking of road. see figure, here you can understand what is banking of roads more clearly.

when a bike or any vehicle moves in a banking road, necessary centripetal force is supplied by the frictional force between wheels and the surface of the road, this way vehicle safely move in curve path, it doesn't skid.
so,in simple way, you can say that,
Due to lack of centripetal force, vehicle tends to skid, for safely drive in circular road, banking of road is necessary .

Answer 2

$\mathfrak{\huge{\blue{\underline{\underline{ANSWER :}}}}}$

Banking of road:

The process of raising outer edge of a road over its inner edge through certain angle is known as banking of road.

Necessity of banking of the road:

i. When a vehicle moves along horizontal curved road, necessary centripetal force is supplied by the force of friction between the wheels of vehicle and surface of road.

ii. Frictional force is not enough and unreliable every time as it changes when road becomes oily or wet in rainy season.

iii. To increase the centripetal force the road should be made rough. But it will cause wear and tear of the tyres of the wheel.

iv. Thus, due to lack of centripetal force vehicle tends to skid.

v. When the road is banked, the horizontal component of the normal reaction provides the necessary centripetal force required for circular motion of vehicle.

vi. Thus, to provide the necessary centripetal force at the curved road, banking of road is necessary.

✨Hope it will help you.✨