Question

what is catenation what is plymerisation ​

Answer 1

Answer:

In chemistry, catenation is the bonding of atoms of the same element into a series, called a chain. A chain or a ring shape may be open if its ends are not bonded to each other, or closed if they are bonded in a ring. The words to catenate and catenation reflect the Latin root catena, "chain".

Polymerization, any process in which relatively small molecules, called monomers, combine chemically to produce a very large chainlike or network molecule, called a polymer. The monomer molecules may be all alike, or they may represent two, three, or more different compounds.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

Catenation can be defined as the self-linking of atoms of an element to form chains and rings. This definition can be extended to include the formation of layers like two-dimensional catenation and space lattices like three-dimensional catenation.

Examples of Catenation

The most common examples of catenation or elements that exhibit catenation are:

Carbon

Silicon

Sulfur

Boron

Catenation occurs most readily in carbon, forming covalent bonds to form longer chains and structures with other carbon atoms. This is why the vast number of organic compounds are found in nature. Carbon is best known for its catenation properties, with the analysis of catenated carbon structures in organic chemistry.

Carbon is by no means the only element capable of forming such catenae, however, and several other main group elements are capable of forming a wide range of catenae, including silicon, sulfur, and boron.

Polymers are large molecules called macromolecules consisting of numerous repeating structural units called monomers having different functional groups. A monomer is a small molecule that can be combined to form a polymer through a reaction. These reactions come in two main varieties, including chain-reaction polymerization and step-reaction polymerization. Chain-reaction polymerization is also known as Addition, while step-reactions are often called Condensation.

The carbon atoms of the polymer backbone or chain are attached to the monomers in an organic polymer. A polymer may also be inorganic, in which case, in place of carbon atoms, there may be atoms such as silicon.

A biological macromolecule is present in living organisms. This contains molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. They are essential for the survival of all known life forms. The temperature dependence of the process of polymerization is very different from that of standard inorganic reactions. At low temperatures, there is no polymerization and at high temperatures polymerization occurs.

There are three basic steps during which free radicals and monomers combine to form polymers, including initiation, propagation, and termination.

• Disaccharides and polysaccharides like maltose, sucrose, and glycogen

• All proteins made from amino acids

• Nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, made from nucleotides

• The above are some examples of polymers in our daily life.

Examples of commercial condensation polymers are:

• Polyurethane

• Polyethylene terephthalate (a polyester)

• Nylon 6,6

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