Question

What is cell? Explain the part of cell briefly.

50 points ☺

Answer 1

The cell  is the fundamental structural and functional biological unit of all known living beings. It is the smallest living unit able to reproduce autonomously. The science that studies cells is called cell biology.

A cell consists of a plasma membrane containing a cytoplasm, which consists of an aqueous solution (Cytosol) in which many biomolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, organized or unorganized within the framework of organelles, are found. Many living beings are made up of only one cell: unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, arches and most protists. Others are made up of several cells: they are multicellular organisms, like plants and animals. The latter contain a very variable number of cells from one species to another; The human body thus counts on the order of one hundred thousand billion (1014), but is colonized by a number of one to ten-fold greater number of bacteria, which are part of its microbiota and are much smaller than human cells. Most plant and animal cells are only visible under a microscope, with a diameter of between 10 and 100 μm.

The existence of the cells was discovered in 1665 by the English naturalist Robert Hooke, who gave them the Latin name cellula in reference to the small rooms occupied by the monks in the monasteries. Cellular theory was formulated for the first time in 1839 by the German botanist Matthias Jakob Schleiden and the German histologist Theodor Schwann: it states that all living beings consist of one or more cells, that cells are the fundamental units Of all biological structures, that they always derive from other pre-existing cells, and that they contain the genetic information necessary for their functioning as well as the transmission of heredity to subsequent cell generations. The first cells appeared on Earth by a phenomenon of abiogenesis at least 3.7 billion years ago.


Parts of cell: (in alphabetical order)

♦ Cell Wall

♦ Cell Membrane

♦ Chloroplast

♦ Cytoplasm

♦ Endoplasmic Reticulum

♦ Golgi Body/Complex

♦ Large Vacuole

♦ Lysosome

♦ Mitochondria

♦ Nuclear Envelope

♦ Nucleolus

♦ Nucleus

♦ Ribosome

♦ Small Vacuole

Answer 2

Cell is the fundamental unit of live. every organism is made up of cells. 

Cell was discovered by Robert hook in 1665.



There are many parts in a cell.

1. Cell membrane or plasma membrane

2. Cell wall

3. Nucleus

4. Nuclear membrane

5. Cytoplasm

6. Endoplasmic Reticulum

7. Golgi Apparatus

8. Lysosomes

9. Mitochondria

10. Plastids

11. Vacuoles


Here is information about them,


Plasma membrane : The outermost elastic membranes covering of the cell                                          that separates its contents from the external                                                        environment is known as Plasma membrane.



Cell wall : Plant cells have a outer protective covering layer called cell wall                         which is outside the plasma membrane. cell wall is a non-living,                         freely permeable.


Nucleaus :  Nucleus is a organelle which lies in the centre of eukaryotic                             cells. The nucleus contains chromosomes, which appears as rod-shaped structures only when cell is about to divide. Chromosomes contain information for inheritance of features from parents to offsprings. in the form of DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic acid) molecules.



Nuclear Membrane : Nuclear membrane is a double layer membrane, which                                         separates nucleus from the cytoplasm.  It has pores                                             which allow the transfer of material from inside                                                  the nucleus to the cytoplasm.



Cytoplasm : The protoplasmic mass of the cell inner to plasma membrane a                          excluding nucleus is known as cytoplasm.



Endoplasmic Reticulum : The endoplasmic reticulum is a big network of                                                      membrane-bound tubes and sheets. There are                                                 two types of endoplasmic reticulum - Smooth                                                    endoplasmic reticulum and Rough                                                                     endoplasmic reticulum.



Golgi apparatus : Golgi apparatus contains system of membrane-bound                                          vesicles arranged nearly parallel to each other in                                               stacks.It was described by Camillo Golgi. it is also                                            known as Golgi Complex or Golgi bodies.The function of golgi body is to secrete some harmones and enzymes. 



Lysosomes: Lysosomes are waste disposal system of the cell. it helps to                             keep the cell clean by digesting any foreign material and                                  worn-out cell organelles. Foreign material entering the cell, like food or bacteria. Lysosomes have powerful digestive enzymes able of splitting down all organic material.



Mitochondria : Mitochondria are called the powerhouse of the cell. The                                      energy needed for different chemical activities required for                                 life is released by mitochondria in the form of ATP                                             (Adenosine trisophate) molecules. ATP is called the                                            energy currency of the cell. Mitochondria are unique                                          organelles as the have their own DNA. Therefore, they are able to prepare some of their own proteins.



Plastids : Plastids are found only in plant cells. there are two types of                              plastids - chromoplasts (color plastids) and leucoplasts (white or                        colorless plastids).  Plastids having the pigment chlorophyll are called chloroplast. chloroplast is necessary for photosynthesis. Leucoplasts are primarily organelles in which material like starch, oils and protein are accumulated.



Vacuoles : Vacuoles are storage sacs for liquid or solid contents. Vacuole                         are small sized in animal cells whereas very big in plant cells.                            Vacuole of numerous plant cells may occupy 50-90% of the cell volume.