What is Chromatography and how does it work?
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Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another material called the stationary phase. The various constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate
Answer:
CHROMATOGRAPHY;
Chromatography is a non-destructive procedure for resolving a complex mixture into its individual fractions or compounds.
It is a separation procedure, and the separated entities are identified by other analytical techniques like UV-visible, Infrared, NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), Mass spectroscopy, and so forth.
For a quantitative analysis, measurements of the area under the curve in the chromatogram are taken.
Its name is derived from two words: "chromo" meaning colour, and "graphy" meaning writing. In other words, colour bands are formed in the procedure, which are then measured or analysed. These bands are due to separation of individual compounds at different lengths on the column, as seen in column chromatography and on paper in paper chromatography.
However, in modern methods like HPLC or gas chromatograph, colour bands can't be seen.
The basic principle of chromatography has advanced a lot to cater to the growing needs of the industry and for research purposes.
Definition and Principle ;
It is defined as the process of separation of the individual components of a mixture based on their relative affinities towards stationary and mobile phases.
Principle: The samples are subjected to flow by mobile liquid onto or through the stable stationary phase. The sample components are separated into fractions based on their relative affinity towards the two phases during their travel.
The fraction with a greater affinity to stationary layer travels slower and at a shorter distance, while that with a lesser affinity travels faster and longer.