Question

what is classification bacteria ​

Answer 1

Bacteria are classified into five groups according to their basis shapes.

➨Rod(bacilli)

➨Spherical( cocci)

➨Comma(vibrios)

➨Corkscrew(spirochetes)

➨Spiral(spirilla)

They can be exist as single cells, chains, clusters or in pairs.

Answer 2

Answer:

A] Classification of bacteria on the basis of mode of nutrition

1. Phototrops:

Those bacteria which gain energy from light

Phototrops are further divided into two groups on the basis of source of electron.

2. Chemotrops:

Those bacteria gain energy from chemical compounds

They cannot carry out photosynthesis

3. Autotrops:

Those bacteria which uses carbondioxide as sole source of carbon to prepare its own food.

Autotrops are divide into two types on the basis of energy utilized to assimilate carbondioxide. Ie. Photoautotrops and chemoautotrops

4. Heterotrops:

Those bacteria which uses organic compound as carbon source

They lack the ability to fix CO2

B] Classification of bacteria on the basis of optimum temperature of growth

1. Psychrophiles:

Bacteria that can grow at 0°C or below but the optimum temperature of growth is 15 °C or below and maximum temperature is 20°C are called psychrophiles

Psychrophiles have polyunsaturated fattyacids in their cell membrane which gives fluid nature to the cell membrane even at lower temperature.

2. Psychrotrops (facultative psychrophiles):

Those bacteria that can grow even at 0°C but optimum temperature for growth is (20-30)°C

3. Mesophiles:

Those bacteria that can grow best between (25-40)C but optimum temperature for growth is 37C

Most of the human pathogens are mesophilic in nature

4. Thermophiles:

Those bacteria that can best grow above 45C.

Thermophiles capable of growing in mesophilic range are called facultative thermophiles.

C] Classification of bacteria on the basis of optimum pH of growth

1. Acidophiles:

Those bacteria that grow best at acidic pH

The cytoplasm of these bacteria are acidic in nature.

2. Alkaliphiles:

Those bacteria that grow best at alkaline pH

Example: vibrio cholerae: oprimum ph of growth is 8.2

3. Neutriphiles:

Those bacteria that grow best at neutral pH (6.5-7.5)

Most of the bacteria grow at neutral pH.

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