What is cloning? Explain in brief the process of cloning with an example?
Answers
Dolly sheep is the first clone animal of India
Answer:
A) Cloning:
Cloning is the process of generating a genetically identical copy of a cell or an organism.
Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally or artificially. In nature, many organisms produce clones through asexual reproduction. Cloning in biotechnology refers to the process of creating clones of organisms or copies of cells or DNA fragments (molecular cloning). Beyond biology, the term refers to the production of multiple copies of digital media or software.
B) Cloning in nature:
Cloning happens often in nature—for example, when a cell replicates itself asexually without any genetic alteration or recombination. Prokaryotic organisms (organisms lacking a cell nucleus) such as bacteria create genetically identical duplicates of themselves using binary fission or budding. In eukaryotic organisms (organisms possessing a cell nucleus) such as humans, all the cells that undergo mitosis, such as skin cells and cells lining the gastrointestinal tract, are clones; the only exceptions are gametes (eggs and sperm), which undergo meiosis and genetic recombination.
C) Two historic events in picture attachment:
Dolly the sheep became the first clone of an adult mammal, at the Roslin Institute, near Edinburgh. The name Dolly comes from Dolly Parton.
South Korean cloning and stem cell researcher Hwang Woo Suk (left) and Gerald Schatten of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine with Snuppy, the first successfully cloned dog.
