Question

what is difference between schotkey defect and frenkle defects

Answer 1

A Schottky defect is a type of point defect in a crystal lattice named after Walter H. Schottky. In non-ionic crystals it means a lattice vacancy defect.

In ionic crystals, the defect forms when oppositely charged ions leave their lattice sites, creating vacancies. These vacancies are formed in stoichiometric units, to maintain an overall neutral charge in the ionic solid. The vacancies are then free to move about as their own entities. Normally these defects will lead to a decrease in the density of the crystal. The followings are the chemical equations in Kröger–Vink notation for the formation of Schottky defects in TiO2 and BaTiO3.

∅ ⇌ v′′′′
Ti + 2 v••
O
∅ ⇌ v′′′′
Ba + v′′′′
Ti + 3 v••
O