what is difference between Thermal velocity and Average velocity of electron in drift velocity concept?
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
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Explanation:
In the concept of drift velocity, thermal velocity and average velocity refer to different properties of the motion of electrons in a conductor.
Thermal velocity is the velocity of electrons due to their random thermal motion. Electrons in a conductor are constantly colliding with other electrons and atoms, which causes them to move randomly in different directions with different velocities. The thermal velocity of electrons is the root-mean-square (rms) velocity of all the electrons in a conductor at a given temperature. It depends on the temperature of the conductor and is independent of the applied electric field.
On the other hand, the average velocity of electrons is the net velocity of electrons in a conductor due to the applied electric field. When a potential difference is applied across a conductor, an electric field is established, and the free electrons experience a force that causes them to drift in the direction opposite to the direction of the electric field. The average velocity of electrons is directly proportional to the electric field strength and is independent of the temperature of the conductor.
Drift velocity is the average velocity of electrons due to the applied electric field, after taking into account the effect of collisions with other electrons and atoms in the conductor. It is given by the ratio of the current density to the electron charge density and the conductivity of the material. Drift velocity is typically much smaller than thermal velocity due to the frequent collisions that occur in the conductor.