Question

what is distillation and fractional distillation what is the basic property that separates the two methods​

Answer 1

Distillation is the process by which two liquids (differing abruptly at their boiling point) are seperated by heating.

Fraction Distillation is the same as distillation but has an instrument known as Fractionating Column

Answer 2

Distillation is used for the separation of components of a mixture containing two miscible liquid that boil without decomposition and have sufficient difference in their boiling points. Fractional distillation is used for the separation of components of a mixture containing more than two miscible liquids for which the difference in their boiling points is less than 25k.

The property that separates the two processes is difference in the boiling points of the components of the mixture i.e. if difference in boiling points is large then we use distillation but if difference in boiling points is less, we use fractional distillation.