what is ecosystem in atmostphere
Answers
The atmosphere and the earth’s ecosystems are parts of a coupled system. For a large variety of processes, forcing from one partner in the interaction elicits one or more responses from the other partner, which in turn elicits other responses from the first. This bidirectional coupling gives atmosphere-ecosystem interactions the potential to be among the most complex in the natural world. The increasing involvement of human actions as important drivers introduces a broad new suite of responses and interactions. Historically, most of the study of drivers and responses in atmosphere-ecosystem interactions has started with single-factor investigations, building on the infrastructure, concepts, and tools of particular disciplines. Over the last several decades new knowledge has continued to accumulate in the traditional disciplines, but more and more of the breakthroughs are at the borders of traditional disciplines. Climate dynamics, hydrology, atmospheric chemistry, ecology, oceanography, and geomorphology function increasingly as a single superdiscipline, often called earth system science. In the future continued progress in this new superdiscipline is likely to require effective collaboration with or integration of a wide range of human sciences, from agronomy and civil engineering to economics and government.
The potential importance of bidirectional interactions is long acknowledged but relatively little studied, at least until recently. For example, Ahhrenius’s calculations (1896) of climate forcing from coal combustion identified key components in anthropogenic warming, and in the 19th century the claim that rain follows the plow was a powerful inducement for agricultural expansion in the western United States. Following the introduction of climate models, insights on bidirectional coupling began to emerge.
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