Question

what is electronegativity? explain why halogens possess highest electronegativity

Answer 1

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Here's your answer.....

                                    HaPpY PRoPoSe DaY

Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Due to their high effective nuclear charge, halogens are highly electronegative. Therefore, they are highly reactive and can gain an electron through reaction with other elements. Halogens can be harmful or lethal to biological organisms in sufficient quantities.

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Answer 2

Answer:

To understand electronegativity you must first have an idea about covalent bonds.

A covalent bond is chemical bond between two elements or molecules in which sharing of electrons (in pairs) occur.

Or

When two chemicals forms a bond by sharing a same pair of electrons it is called a covalent bond.

Now,

Electronegativity is the property due to which the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond inclines or attracts towards one of the two elements forming the bond.

Or,

Electronegativity is the property of attracting the shared pair of electrons towards itself in a covalent bond.

Every element in this world runs towards stability.

Electronegativity is high in an element when the need of an element to become stable (complete it's octet) by gaining an electron is high.

i.e. Halogens.

Halogens have the highest electronegativity because it needs to gain only one electron to complete it's octet and become stable. Therefore it has higher pull/attraction for electron in a covalent bond.

Fluorine (halogen) has the highest electronegativity.