Question

what is endoplasmic reticulum?​

Answer 1

Answer:

A network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell,

Answer 2

Structure of Endoplasmic Reticulum:-

The structure of endoplasmic reticulum is shaped like a sac. Since ER is of two types, each has its own distinguishing features:

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure:-

• The rough endoplasmic reticulum is named so because of its appearance.

• It is a series of connected flattened sacs having several ribosomes on its outer surface, hence the name.

• It synthesizes and secretes proteins in the liver, hormones and other substances in the glands.

• Rough ER is prominent in cells where protein synthesis happens (such as hepatocytes)

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure:-

• The smooth endoplasmic reticulum, on the other hand, does not have ribosomes.

• The smooth endoplasmic reticulum has a tubular form.

• It participates in the production of phospholipids, the chief lipids in cell membranes and are essential in the process of metabolism.

• Smooth ER transports the products of the rough ER to other cellular organelles, especially the Golgi apparatus.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Function:-

As stated above, the endoplasmic reticulum is categorised into two types, and both these types of ER perform specific functions:

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Function:-

• Smooth ER is responsible for the synthesis of essential lipids such as phospholipids and cholesterol.

• Smooth ER is also responsible for the production and secretion of steroid hormones.

• It is also responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates.

• The smooth ER store and release calcium ions. These are quite important for the nervous system and muscular system.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Function:-

• The majority of the functions of rough ER is associated with protein synthesis.

• Rough endoplasmic reticulum also plays a vital role in protein folding.

• Also ensures quality control (regarding correct protein folding).

• The second most important function after protein synthesis and protein folding is protein sorting.