what is gastric juice?give 2 vital function their.
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the full details of gastric. juice
When food enters your stomach, it is mechanically broken down by a process called churning. In this lesson you will learn about this process and the chemical break down of proteins within the stomach by the enzyme pepsin.
Stomach
We previously learned that the stomach is a C-shaped organ that lies on the left side of your abdominal cavity. We also learned that the mucosa, or moist inner layer, of the stomach is dotted with millions of gastric pits, which lead to gastric glands. It is these gastric glands that secrete digestive juices needed to break down complex foods into simple nutrients. In this lesson, you will learn about the different juices that are secreted into the stomach and the role they play in digestion of your food.
The mucosa is the moist inner layer of the stomach
By the time food reaches the stomach, it's already undergone some digestion. The food has been physically broken down into smaller pieces by chewing. The starches in the food have also been acted upon chemically thanks to the enzyme salivary amylase, found in your saliva from your salivary glands. To this point, digestion has been moving along quite briskly. After all, it does not take long to chew and swallow your food. However, when food reaches the stomach, it takes its time passing through. In fact, depending on the types of foods you eat and the size of your meal, food will typically stay in the stomach for two to six hours before moving on to the small intestine.
Churning
You can think of your stomach as both a temporary storage sack for food as well as a site for digestion. The walls of your stomach contain layers of smooth muscle. As food enters your stomach, the walls begin to stretch, prompting the smooth muscle to contract. This muscle activity leads to the physical mixing and breaking down of food in the stomach, known as churning.
Gastric Juices
In addition to the mechanical digestion caused by churning, there is also chemical digestion happening within the stomach. Specifically, we see the chemical digestion of proteins by digestive fluids. These acidic digestive fluids that are secreted by the gastric glands in the mucous membrane of the stomach are collectively referred to as gastric juices. We previously learned that secretions of gastric juices from the gastric glands are regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system. This involuntary nervous system increases secretions when activated by the sight, smell or physical presence of food in the digestive tract. In addition, the presence of food and the change in the pH of the stomach stimulate the release of a hormone called gastrin. This is a hormone secreted by glands in the mucous membrane of the stomach that stimulates the production of gastric juices.
Epithelial cells secrete enzymes in the gastric glands
So, you can see that there are a couple of triggers for the production of gastric juices, and this leads to a surprisingly large volume of gastric juice produced during the day. Under normal circumstances, approximately two or three liters of gastric juices are produced in your stomach in a 24-hour period. That is enough to fill at least one 2-liter bottle of soda, and this is all happening inside of you without your conscious awareness.
Chief Cells and Pepsin
When we look closely at the gastric glands, we see that they are lined by epithelial cells. There are several different types of cells within the glands, and they secrete different products. One of the important products of gastric juice that is secreted by these cells is pepsin. Pepsin is the chief digestive enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins. You can think of pepsin as the 'chief' digestive enzyme in the stomach because it is produced by the chief cells. This can help you remember the term, but I should clarify that pepsin is the active protein-digesting enzyme. The chief cells actually produce pepsinogen (an inactive form of pepsin).
When food enters your stomach, it is mechanically broken down by a process called churning. In this lesson you will learn about this process and the chemical break down of proteins within the stomach by the enzyme pepsin.
Stomach
We previously learned that the stomach is a C-shaped organ that lies on the left side of your abdominal cavity. We also learned that the mucosa, or moist inner layer, of the stomach is dotted with millions of gastric pits, which lead to gastric glands. It is these gastric glands that secrete digestive juices needed to break down complex foods into simple nutrients. In this lesson, you will learn about the different juices that are secreted into the stomach and the role they play in digestion of your food.
The mucosa is the moist inner layer of the stomach
By the time food reaches the stomach, it's already undergone some digestion. The food has been physically broken down into smaller pieces by chewing. The starches in the food have also been acted upon chemically thanks to the enzyme salivary amylase, found in your saliva from your salivary glands. To this point, digestion has been moving along quite briskly. After all, it does not take long to chew and swallow your food. However, when food reaches the stomach, it takes its time passing through. In fact, depending on the types of foods you eat and the size of your meal, food will typically stay in the stomach for two to six hours before moving on to the small intestine.
Churning
You can think of your stomach as both a temporary storage sack for food as well as a site for digestion. The walls of your stomach contain layers of smooth muscle. As food enters your stomach, the walls begin to stretch, prompting the smooth muscle to contract. This muscle activity leads to the physical mixing and breaking down of food in the stomach, known as churning.
Gastric Juices
In addition to the mechanical digestion caused by churning, there is also chemical digestion happening within the stomach. Specifically, we see the chemical digestion of proteins by digestive fluids. These acidic digestive fluids that are secreted by the gastric glands in the mucous membrane of the stomach are collectively referred to as gastric juices. We previously learned that secretions of gastric juices from the gastric glands are regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system. This involuntary nervous system increases secretions when activated by the sight, smell or physical presence of food in the digestive tract. In addition, the presence of food and the change in the pH of the stomach stimulate the release of a hormone called gastrin. This is a hormone secreted by glands in the mucous membrane of the stomach that stimulates the production of gastric juices.
Epithelial cells secrete enzymes in the gastric glands
So, you can see that there are a couple of triggers for the production of gastric juices, and this leads to a surprisingly large volume of gastric juice produced during the day. Under normal circumstances, approximately two or three liters of gastric juices are produced in your stomach in a 24-hour period. That is enough to fill at least one 2-liter bottle of soda, and this is all happening inside of you without your conscious awareness.
Chief Cells and Pepsin
When we look closely at the gastric glands, we see that they are lined by epithelial cells. There are several different types of cells within the glands, and they secrete different products. One of the important products of gastric juice that is secreted by these cells is pepsin. Pepsin is the chief digestive enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins. You can think of pepsin as the 'chief' digestive enzyme in the stomach because it is produced by the chief cells. This can help you remember the term, but I should clarify that pepsin is the active protein-digesting enzyme. The chief cells actually produce pepsinogen (an inactive form of pepsin).
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DEFINITION:
a thin watery acidic digestive fluid secreted by the gland of stomach and mucous membrane is called as gastric juice.
2 FUNCTIONS:
*gastric juice helps n lipid digestion.
*the pepsinogen in the gastric juice gets converted into pepsin with the help of HCL for protein digestion.
a thin watery acidic digestive fluid secreted by the gland of stomach and mucous membrane is called as gastric juice.
2 FUNCTIONS:
*gastric juice helps n lipid digestion.
*the pepsinogen in the gastric juice gets converted into pepsin with the help of HCL for protein digestion.
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