What is general formula of alkanoic give the name of any alkanoic
Answers
Explanation:
What are carboxylic acids?
Carboxylic acids is a homologous series in which the compounds contain a functional group called the carboxyl group (-COOH). The general molecular formula for carboxylic acids is CnH2n+1COOH. Carboxylic acids contain at least one carboxyl group. Carboxylic acids with two or more carboxyl groups attached are called dicarborxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, etc. Carboxylic acids are derivatives of hydrocarbons in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon have been replaced by a carboxyl group. The first four carboxylic acids derived from alkanes are methanoic acid (HCOOH), ethanoic acid (CH3COOH), propanoic acid (C2H5COOH) and butanoic acid (C3H7COOH).
The next few carboxylic acids are as follow:
pentanoic acid (C4H9COOH)
hexanoic acid (C5H11COOH)
heptanoic acid (C6H13COOH)
octanoic acid (C7H15COOH)
nonanoic acid (C8H17COOH)
decanoic acid (C9H19COOH)
Carbon atoms Common name IUPAC name Chemical formula Common location or use
1 Formic acid Methanoic acid HCOOH Insect stings
2 Acetic acid Ethanoic acid CH3COOH Vinegar
3 Propionic acid Propanoic acid CH3CH2COOH Preservative for stored grains
4 Butyric acid Butanoic acid CH3(CH2)2COOH Rancid butter
5 Valeric acid Pentanoic acid CH3(CH2)3COOH Valerian
6 Caproic acid Hexanoic acid CH3(CH2)4COOH Goat fat
7 Enanthic acid Heptanoic acid CH3(CH2)5COOH
8 Caprylic acid Octanoic acid CH3(CH2)6COOH Coconuts and breast milk
9 Pelargonic acid Nonanoic acid CH3(CH2)7COOH Pelargonium
10 Capric acid Decanoic acid CH3(CH2)8COOH
12 Lauric acid Dodecanoic acid CH3(CH2)10COOH Coconut oil and hand wash soaps.
14 Myristic acid Tetradecanoic acid CH3(CH2)12COOH Nutmeg
16 Palmitic acid Hexadecanoic acid CH3(CH2)14COOH Palm oil
18 Stearic acid Octadecanoic acid CH3(CH2)16COOH Chocolate, waxes, soaps, and oils
20 Arachidic acid Icosanoic acid CH3(CH2)18COOH Peanut oil
Other carboxylic acids
Compound class Members
unsaturated monocarboxylic acids acrylic acid (2-propenoic acid) – CH2=CHCOOH, used in polymer synthesis
Fatty acids medium to long-chain saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, with even number of carbons examples docosahexaenoic acid andeicosapentaenoic acid (nutritional supplements)
Amino acids the building blocks of proteins
Keto acids acids of biochemical significance that contain a ketone group e.g. acetoacetic acid and pyruvic acid
Aromatic carboxylic acids benzoic acid, the sodium salt of benzoic acid is used as a food preservative , salicylic acid – a beta hydroxy type found in many skin care products
Dicarboxylic acids containing two carboxyl groups examples adipic acid the monomer used to produce nylon and aldaric acid – a family of sugar acids
Tricarboxylic acids containing three carboxyl groups example citric acid – found in citrus fruits and isocitric acid
Alpha hydroxy acids containing a hydroxy group example glyceric acid, glycolic acid and lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) – found in sour milk tartaric acid - found in wine
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