Question

What is haloalkanes and haloarenes? Give examples

Answer 1

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes are a type of hydrocarbons (compounds of hydrogen and carbon). In these hydrocarbons, one or more of the hydrogen atom(s) is replaced by a halogen (group 17 elements).

Hydrocarbon

The difference between haloalkanes and haloarenes is that haloalkanes are derived from alkanes (open chain hydrocarbons) while haloarenes are derived from aromatic hydrocarbons (hydrocarbons with sigma bonds and delocalized pi electrons between carbon atoms forming rings).

Comparison between Haloalkanes and HaloarenesHaloalkanesHaloarenes The halogen is attached to sp3 hybridised carbon atom. The halogen is attached to sp3 hybridised carbon atomPresence of halogen makes it more reactive than the parent alkane. Presence of halogen makes it more reactive than the parent aromatic compound.  It is used as solvent for many non-polar covalent compounds. Similar to haloalkanes, it is also used as solvent for covalent compounds. It has medicinal uses. It also has many medicinal uses.

 

Moreover some of the synthetically made halogen compounds also help in making medicine for malaria and many other deadly diseases.

Classification of Haloalkanes and HaloarenesOn the basis of number of halogen atoms : – 3 types(This classification is based on the number of halogen atoms present in the hydrocarbon)1.       Monohaloalkanes (1 halogen atom is attached)2.       Dihaloalkanes (2 halogen atomsare attached)3.       Trihaloalkanes (3 halogen atomsare attached) 1.       Monohaloarenes (1 halogen atom is attached)2.       Dihaloarenes (2 halogen atomsare attached)3.       Trihaloarenes (3 halogen atomsare attached)Compounds containing sp3 C-X  bond3 types(This classification is based on the hybrisization of carbon atom to which the halogen atom is attached and the adjacent carbon atoms.)  1.       Alkyl halideHalogen atomis attached to an alkyl group2.       Allylic halideHalogen atomis attached to sp3 hybridised carbon which is adjacent to C=C (double bond or sp2 hybridised carbon)3.       Benzylic halideHalogen atom is attached to sp3 hybridised carbon atom which is attached to a benzene ring.Compound containing sp2 C-X  bond2 types(This classification is based on the hybrisization of carbon atom to which the halogen atom is attached and the adjacent carbon atoms.) 1.       Vinylic HalidesHalogen atom is attached to C=C (double bond orsp2hybridised carbon)2.       Aryl halideHalogen atom is attached to sp2 hybridised carbon of an aromatic ring.

Answer 2

Sorry I am in class 9