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Answered by tulipmishra08
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Answered by Zahrah2008
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Hemoglobin, also spelled haemoglobin, iron-containing protein in the blood of many animals—in the red blood cells (erythrocytes) of vertebrates—that transports oxygen to the tissues. Hemoglobin forms an unstable reversible bond with oxygen. In the oxygenated state, it is called oxyhemoglobin and is bright red; in the reduced state, it is purplish blue.

hemoglobin

Hemoglobin

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Key People: Maud Leonora Menten Max Ferdinand Perutz George H. Whipple Ernst Felix Hoppe-Seyler

Related Topics: Hemoglobin A Heme Iron–porphyrin group Heme pocket Carboxyhemoglobin

Hemoglobin develops in cells in the bone marrow that become red blood cells. When red cells die, hemoglobin is broken up: iron is salvaged, transported to the bone marrow by proteins called transferrins, and used again in the production of new red blood cells; the remainder of the hemoglobin forms the basis of bilirubin, a chemical that is excreted into the bile and gives the feces their characteristic yellow-brown colour.

3d illustration human heart. Adult Anatomy Aorta Black Blood Vessel Cardiovascular System Coronary Artery Coronary Sinus Front View Glowing Human Artery Human Heart Human Internal Organ Medical X-ray Myocardium

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Learn about the oxygen-transporting function and molecular structure of the protein hemoglobin

Learn about the oxygen-transporting function and molecular structure of the protein hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is an example of a globular protein. Learn how hemoglobin proteins in the blood transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body.

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Each hemoglobin molecule is made up of four heme groups surrounding a globin group, forming a tetrahedral structure. Heme, which accounts for only 4 percent of the weight of the molecule, is composed of a ringlike organic compound known as a porphyrin to which an iron atom is attached. It is the iron atom that binds oxygen as the blood travels between the lungs and the tissues. There are four iron atoms in each molecule of hemoglobin, which accordingly can bind four molecules of oxygen. Globin consists of two linked pairs of polypeptide chains.

Hemoglobin S is a variant form of hemoglobin that is present in persons who have sickle cell anemia, a severe hereditary form of anemia in which the cells become crescent-shaped when oxygen is lacking. The abnormal sickle-shaped cells die prematurely and may become lodged in small blood vessels, potentially obstructing the microcirculation and leading to tissue damage. The sickling trait is found mainly in people of African descent, though the disease also occurs in persons of Middle Eastern, Mediterranean, or Indian descent.

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The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

This article was most recently revised and updated by Kara Rogers, Senior Editor.

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