Question

what is heterotrophic nutrition​

Answer 1

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нєτєrστrσρнic ทυτriτiσท is α τyρє σƒ ทυτriτiσท iท ωнicн σrgαทisмs ∂єρєท∂ υρσท στнєr σrgαทisмs ƒσr ƒσσ∂ τσ sυrvivє. нєτєrστrσρнic σrgαทisмs нαvє τσ ταкє iท αℓℓ τнє σrgαทic sυвsταทcєs τнєy ทєє∂ τσ sυrvivє. αℓℓ αทiмαℓs, ƒυทgi, αท∂ ทσท-ρнστσsyทτнєsiʑiทg ρℓαทτs αrє нєτєrστrσρнic. 

Answer 2

OK

“Heterotroph is an organism that is unable to synthesize its own food, and therefore, has to rely on other sources, specifically plant and animal matter.”

All animals and non-photosynthetic plants are classified as heterotrophs since they are unable to prepare food. So these organisms resort to other various forms of nutrition. Hence, from an ecological perspective, heterotrophs are always secondary or tertiary consumers in a food chain.

Humans and other vertebrates rely on converting organic, solid or liquid food into energy. Other organisms such as fungi rely on converting dead organic matter into nutrients. In essence, heterotrophs break down complex food into its readily usable constituents.

Types of Heterotrophic Nutrition

In nature, organisms exhibit various types of heterotrophic nutrition. They are as follows:

Holozoic Nutrition

Saprophytic Nutrition

Parasitic Nutrition

Holozoic Nutrition

Holozoic nutrition involves the ingestion and internal processing of solid and liquid food in an organism. This involves the steps of ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and excretion.

Ingestion is the intake of food, which is broken down into simpler organic matters by a process called digestion. After extraction of useful components, the unwanted and undigested particles are excreted out.

Examples of animals that exhibit holozoic nutrition include all vertebrates. Even some unicellular organisms such as amoeba also exhibit holozoic nutrition

Holozoic Nutrition in Amoeba

Amoeba exhibits holozoic nutrition. The process takes place in the following steps:

The amoeba projects its pseudopodia and encircles the food. It then engulfs the food by the process of phagocytosis.

The food vacuoles of amoeba are rich in digestive enzymes, which help break the food into simpler substances. This process is known as digestion.

The digested food is absorbed into the cytoplasm leaving behind the undigested materials. This absorbed food is utilised to produce energy for the growth and development of the cell.

The undigested food material is ejected out by the rupturing of the cell membrane.