Question

What is hybridization and there types ?
Please answer soon....​

Answer 1

Hybridization

The inter mixing of atomic orbital to form new, same number of equavalent orbitals is called hybridization and the formed orbitals are called hybrid orbitals.

Types of hybridization

SP hybridization :

$\leadsto$ Inter mixing of one S orbital and one P orbital to give two SP hybrid orbitals is called SP hybridization.

$\leadsto$ Shape is linear and bond angle is 180°

$\leadsto$ S Character is 50% and P character is 50%

$\leadsto$ Example :- Ethyne (C₂H₂), BeCl₂.

SP² Hybridization :

$\leadsto$ Inter mixing of one S orbital and two P orbitals to give three SP² hybrid orbitals is called SP² hybridization.

$\leadsto$ Shape is trigonol planar and bond angle is 120°.

$\leadsto$ S Character is 33.3% and P character is 66.6%.

$\leadsto$ Example :- Ethene (C₂H₄), BCl₃.

SP³ hybridization :

$\leadsto$ Inter mixing of one S orbital and three P orbitals to give four SP³ hybrid orbitals is called SP³ hybridization.

$\leadsto$ Shape is tetrahedral and bond angle is 109°28'.

$\leadsto$ S character 25% and P character is 75%.

$\leadsto$ Example :- Methane (CH₄), C₂H$_6$

SP³d hybridization :

$\leadsto$ Inter mixing of one S orbital, three P and one d orbital to give five SP³d hybrid orbitals is called SP³d hybridization.

$\leadsto$ Shape is trigonol bipyramidal and bond angle are 120° and 90°.

$\leadsto$ S Character is 20%, P character is 60% and d character is 20%.

$\leadsto$ Example :- PCl$_5$

SP³d² hybridization :

$\leadsto$ Inter mixing of one S orbital, three P orbitals and two d orbitals to give 6SP³d² hybrid orbitals is called SP³d² hybridization.

$\leadsto$ Shape of the molecule is octahedral and bond angle are 90° and 180°.

$\leadsto$ Example :- SF$_6$