what is hydrolysis??
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
It literally means to split with water. The term generally refers to reactions of the type:
A-B + HOH <=> A-H + B-OH , or
A-B + HOH <=> A-OH + B-H
Hydrolysis reactions and their reverse—dehydration reactions— are of huge importance in biochemistry. Most of the important derivatives of carboxylic acids and phosphoric acid can be classified according a scheme like this
carboxylic acid + alcohol <=> ester + water
carboxylic acid + thiol <=> thioester + water
carboxylic acid + amine <=> amide (same as peptide) + water
carboxylic acid + carboxylic acid <=> acid anhydride + water
phosphoric acid + alcohol <=> phosphoester + water
phosphoric acid + 2 alcohols <=> phosphodiester + 2 waters
phosphoric acid + phosphoric acid <=> phosphoanhydride + water
phosphoric acid + carboxylic acid <=> mixed anhydride + water
Dehydration and hydrolysis reactions are also involved in the formation and breakdown of complex carbohydrates. The glycosidic bond is the same as an acetal bond, and its formation in the classification scheme can be written as
hemiacetal + alcohol <=> acetal + water
The direction of equilibrium for all these reactions lies way to the left in water, mainly because the concentration of water is so high. Digestion involves the hydrolysis of these bonds in proteins, polysaccharides, and complex lipids. Biosynthesis involves forming them and is metabolically much more complicated because the hydrolysis reactions shown above cannot simply be reversed.