what is inter molecular forces of attraction?
how do they vary in solids,liquids and gases
Answers
Answer:
The molecules of a gas move apart when they collide. The average kinetic energy of the particles in a liquid (or solid) is small enough that the forces of attraction between them is sufficient to hold the particles close together. The molecules in a liquid (or solid) do not move apart.
Answer:
Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion which act between neighboring particles (atoms, molecules, or ions ). These forces are weak compared to the intramolecular forces, such as the covalent or ionic bonds between atoms in a molecule.
gases
average kinetic energy of the molecules is larger than average energy of attractions between molecules
lack of strong attractive forces allows gases to expand
liquids
denser than gases
have a definite volume
attractive forces not strong enough to keep molecules from moving allowing liquids to hold shape of container
solids
intermolecular forces hold molecules together and keep them from moving
not very compressible
crystalline – solids with highly ordered structures
assumes both the volume and shape of container is compressible diffusion within a gas occurs rapidly flows readily
Assumes the shape of the portion of the container it occupies Does not expand to fill container Is virtually incompressible Diffusion within a liquid occurs slowly Flows readily
Retains its own shape and volume Is virtually incompressible Diffusion within a solid occurs extremely slowly Does not flow
state of substance depends on balance between the kinetic energies of the particles and interparticle energies of attraction
kinetic energies depends on temperature and tend to keep particles apart and moving
interparticle attractions draw particles together
condensed phases – liquids and solids because particles are close together compared to gases
increase temperature forces molecules to be closer together ® increase in strength of intermolecular forces