What is islam and its impact. plz answer
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The Impact of Islam
As Islam spread across the Arabian Peninsula and later across North Africa and the Middle East, it had an aggregating effect. The occupants of these areas had been nomadic tribes for a very long time. They were polytheistic and reaped all the political problems associated with polytheism. Remember, although tribes or regions may share the same pantheon of gods, they tend to place primary importance on different individual gods. Consequently, the belief in many gods lends itself very readily to conflicting loyalties and competition in politics. This had long been an impediment to peace or unification in many areas into which Islam would spread.
Another effect of the spread of Islam was an increase in trade. Unlike early Christianity, Muslims were not reluctant to engage in trade and profit; Muhammad himself was a merchant. As new areas were drawn into the orbit of Islamic civilization, the new religion provided merchants with a safe context for trade. The application of sharia—Islamic law derived from the Koran—ensured a certain measure of uniformity in the application of criminal justice. Sharia law protected commerce and imposed stiff punishments for theft and dishonesty. Muslim jurists called qadis were established to resolve disputes through the application of sharia. Merchants were thus provided with a forum for making complaints and having them resolved in a consistent and systematic way. Trade and travel were not as risky or perilous as before and both thrived with the coming of Islam.
Sub-Saharan Africa
The beginning of trans-Saharan trade, made possible by the domestication of the camel, profoundly influenced the world of sub-Saharan Africa. Gold, salt and slaves began to make their way across the desert. With them came Islam. The common people did not practice Islam in as pure a form as did the kings and other people of influence. Most people combined it with their established beliefs of ancestor worship and fetishes. Nor did it greatly affect gender roles. “Women in sub-Saharan Africa possessed more opportunities than did women in other parts of the world. Even the arrival of Islam did not substantially worsen the condition of women in sub-Saharan Africa.” For reasons described above, Islam dramatically increased trade in Sub-Saharan Africa. It also increased the slave trade. Muslims considered the enslavement of unbelievers as a step toward their conversion. Also, in Islamic law persons born to slave parents were not automatically slaves, as in the American South. This meant that there was a constant demand for slaves because each generation of slaves had to be purchased anew. Moreover, “private ownership of land was not an established institution in Sub-Saharan Africa, a fact that made the possession of slaves an important barometer of personal wealth. As many as ten million African slaves were shipped north as part of the trans-Saharan slave trade between 750 and 1500 C.E.”
South Asia
Islam first came to India during the reign of Uthman, the third caliph, when Muslims conquered the Indian kingdom of Sind to resolve some trade disputes. Then again, after the Turks had converted to Islam they invaded India and established the Sultanate at Delhi. The social pattern of conversions in India was very different than in Africa. The authority and prestige of India’s upper castes was entirely dependent upon Hinduism. Conversion would destroy the notions of dharma and the hierarchy of castes themselves. The lower castes were more inclined to convert because Islam’s stress on equality was more attractive to them. Converts also came from the Buddhists, another group with nothing to gain from the Hindu caste system. At any rate, since converts came primarily from people will little to no influence in society, Islam did not affect India’s social or political structures in a fundamental way. In fact, the exchange of culture and ideas was basically one way, with Islamic civilization benefiting greatly from Hindu culture. The most important item in this regard is the Hindu numbering system. (Because the Muslim Arabs would introduce these to Western Europe, they would be incorrectly named Arabic numerals.) Muslims also borrowed important mathematical concepts from Hindus, such as a symbol for zero, negative integers and other things that would lead to more advanced forms of mathematics.
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explain of Islam.
Islam is an abrahamic, Monotheistic, Universal religion teaching that there is only one God Allah ,and Muhammed is the messenger of God.
Impact of Islam.
As Islam spread across the Arabian Peninsular and later across North Africa and Middle East, It had aggregation effect .The occupants of these areas had been nomadic tribes for a very long time .They were polytheistic associated with polytheism
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