Question

what is khalifat movement? why did Gandhiji give support to this movement?

Answer 1

After the first world war Ottoman Turkey was defeated. There were rumors that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the ottoman emperor- the spiritual head of Islamic world (the Khalifa). To defend the Khalifa's temporal powers, a khilafat commitee was formed in bombay in March 1919.
A young generation of muslims leaders like the Ali brothers - mohammed Ali and Shaukat Ali, began discussing with mahatma gandhi about the possibility of a united mass action on the issue. Gandhi ji saw this as an opprtunity to bring muslims under the umbrella of a unified national movement. At the Calcutta session of the congress in September 1920, he convinced other leaders of the need to start a non-cooperation movement in support of Khilafat movement.


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Answer 2

The Khilafat movement was an agitation by Indian Muslims, allied with Indian nationalists, to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam after World War I. 


When Gandhiji launched satyagraha movement against Rowlatt  Act(1919) he saw that the movement was limited to towns and cities i.e.it was not a widespread movement. To make it a broad based movement he had to bring muslims and hindus together.so,he supported the muslims in khilafat movement.