what is law of segregation?
Answers
Mendel's law of segregation. Genotype, phenotype, and alleles. Heterozygous/homozygous.
Gregor Mendel studied inheritance of traits in pea plants. He proposed a model where pairs of "heritable elements," or genes, specified traits.
Genes come in different versions, or alleles. A dominant allele hides a recessive allele and determines the organism's appearance.
When an organism makes gametes, each gamete receives just one gene copy, which is selected randomly. This is known as the law of segregation.
A Punnett square can be used to predict genotypes (allele combinations) and phenotypes(observable traits) of offspring from genetic crosses.
A test cross can be used to determine whether an organism with a dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous.
According to Mendel's First Law of Inheritance or The Law of Dominance, ''In the cross between two parents who differ in one genetic characteristic for which they are both homozygous, all the offsprings in the first filial generation are equal to the examined characteristic in the genotype and phenotype showing the dominant trait...''
According to Mendel's Second Law of Inheritance or The Law of Segregation, ''The characteristics or the traits of an organism are determined by internal factors which occur in pairs. Only one of a pair of such factors can be present in a single gamete...''
According to Mendel's Third Law of Inheritance or The Law of Independent Assortment, ''In the inheritance of more than one pair of traits in a cross simultaneously, the factors responsible for each pair of traits are distributed independently to the gametes...''
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