what is ligands and what are the types of ligands with and examples
Answers
HELLO MATE
A ligand is an ion or molecule which exists independently of any complex that it might form. In the complex [Co(NH3)6]3+, the ammonia molecules, which can exist outside of the complex, are acting as ligands. The complex is a combination of a Lewis acid (the central metal atom/ion) and some Lewis bases (the ligands).
TYPES : Unidentate ligands: Ligands with only one donor atom, e.g. NH3, Cl-, F- etc.
Bidentate ligands: Ligands with two donor atoms, e.g. ethylenediamine, C2O42-(oxalate ion) etc.
Tridentate ligands: Ligands which have three donor atoms per ligand, e.g. (dien) diethyl triamine.Hexadentate ligands: Ligands which have six donor atoms per ligand, e.g. EDTA.
Chelating Ligands: Multidentate ligand simultaneously co-ordinating to a metal ion through more than one site is called chelating ligand. These ligands produce a ring like structure called chelate. Chelation increases the stability of complex. This effect is called chelation effect.
Example:
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H2C — NH2 O = C — O :
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H2C — NH2 O = C — O :
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