what is mean by 'chromosome' ? explain its type and function of each type
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A chromosomes is a thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
1. Metacentric chromosomes have the centromere in the center, such that both sections are of equal length.
2. Acrocentric chromosomes have a centromere which is severely offset from the center leading to one very long and one very short section.
3. Acrocentric chromosomes have a centromere which is severely offset from the center leading to one very long and one very short section.
4. Telocentric chromosomes have the centromere at the very end of the chromosome. Humans do not possess telocentric chromosomes but they are found in other species such as mice.
1. Metacentric chromosomes have the centromere in the center, such that both sections are of equal length.
2. Acrocentric chromosomes have a centromere which is severely offset from the center leading to one very long and one very short section.
3. Acrocentric chromosomes have a centromere which is severely offset from the center leading to one very long and one very short section.
4. Telocentric chromosomes have the centromere at the very end of the chromosome. Humans do not possess telocentric chromosomes but they are found in other species such as mice.
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the last time you visited the zoo? Most visitors have their favorite animals, even the adults. Some of the most fascinating to observe are the primates. When you watch chimpanzees, orangutans, or gorillas, it's incredible how human-like they appear. As you may have heard, primates are related to humans, but what makes them appear so human?
The answer to this question lies in the primates' DNA, which stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. For example, chimpanzees have roughly 98% of the same DNA as humans. This DNA is found on chromosomes, which are tightly coiled segments of DNA. Humans have 46 total chromosomes or 23 pairs.
Reading Karyotypes
Human karyotype
Karyotypes are pictures of chromosomes. A karyotype, like this karyotype of a human, can teach us several things about chromosomes. For starters, notice that there are two copies of each chromosome. That's because humans contain pairs of each chromosome: one copy came from your biological mother, the other from your biological father.
In the bottom right corner of the karyotype, you'll find a unique set of chromosomes. Depending on your gender, you'll have either an XX combination for female or an XY combination for male.
The answer to this question lies in the primates' DNA, which stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. For example, chimpanzees have roughly 98% of the same DNA as humans. This DNA is found on chromosomes, which are tightly coiled segments of DNA. Humans have 46 total chromosomes or 23 pairs.
Reading Karyotypes
Human karyotype
Karyotypes are pictures of chromosomes. A karyotype, like this karyotype of a human, can teach us several things about chromosomes. For starters, notice that there are two copies of each chromosome. That's because humans contain pairs of each chromosome: one copy came from your biological mother, the other from your biological father.
In the bottom right corner of the karyotype, you'll find a unique set of chromosomes. Depending on your gender, you'll have either an XX combination for female or an XY combination for male.
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