what is mean by hybridization.?how can you predict the type of bond and type of hybridization by seeing a certain molecule
Answers
The end to end overlapping or lateral overlapping or axial overlapping of atomic orbitals is called hybridisation.By calculating the no of pi bonds and sigma bonds ,we can calculate the type of hybridisation.The types are,
1.SP
2.SP^2
3.SP^3
3.SP^3D
4.SP^3D^2.
To determine the orbital hybridization of the sulfur atom, which is the central atom in sulfur tetrafluoride, start by darawing the molecule's Lewis structure.
The molecule will have a total of 34 valence electrons, 6 from sulfur, and 7 from each of the four fluorine atoms.
The sulfur atom will form single bonds with each of fluorine atoms. These bonds will account for 8 of the 34 valence electrons. Each fluorine atom will have 3 lone pairs of electrons in order to have a complete octet.
These lone pairs will use up 24 valence electrons, bringing the total of used valence electrons to 32. The remaining two electrons will be placed on the sulfur atom as a lone pair.
Now focus on the sulfur atom. Notice that it gets a total of 10 electrons, 8 from the bonds with fluorine and 2 from the lone pair. This is quite possible for sulfur because it has easy access to its 3d-orbitals, which means that it can expand its octet and accomodate more than 8 electrons.
You determine sulfur's hybridization by counting the number of regions of electron density that surround it. Remember, a region of electron density is a bond (single, double, and triple bonds count as one region of electron density) or a lone pair of electrons.