Question

what is meant by precipitation reaction? explain by giving an example. also give balance chemical equation for the reaction stating the satates of the reaction and the product formed

Answer 1

the reaction as a result of which a 'precipitate'  is formed in the products is called precipitation reaction.
Precipitate- a solid substance formed and deposited after a reaction in a solution.
Ex-AgNO3+NaCl --> AgCl + NaNO3
The precipitate forms because the solid (AgCl) is insoluble in water. That is true for all precipitates - the solids are insoluble in aqueous solutions. Precipitation reaction occur all around us. For example, sometimes the pipes in our homes get clogged because precipitates of magnesium and calcium oxides have deposited themselves within the pipes. This can happen with "hard" water. Another example is a kidney stone. A kidney stone is nothing more than a precipitate - often of calcium ions (from cheese) and oxalates. It is often suggested that a good way to avoid kidney stones is to drink a lot of water. This helps because the solubility of the precipitate increases with the amount of water - thus avoiding the formation of the kidney stone to begin with.

Answer 2

Such reactions in which two compounds react to form an insoluble precipitate are called precipitation reactions
HCl +NaOH = NaCl + water