Question

what is meant by the internal and frontiers of the sultan ate

Answer 1

Internal frontier of the empire refers to the areas included in the Sultanate as well as the hinterland of the garrison towns. Exterior frontier refers to the territories which were not conquered by the Sultans of Delhi.


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Answer 2

The “internal” frontiers of the Sultanate means the consolidation of the hinterlands of the garrison towns. During these campaigns, forests were cleared in the Ganga-Yamuna doab and hunter-gatherers and pastoralists were expelled from their habitat and these lands were handed over to the peasants. They also promoted regional trade through the establishment of New fortresses and garrison towns.

The “external” frontiers of the Sultanate meant the military expeditions into southern parts of India, which started during the reign of Alauddin Khalji and ended with the reign of Muhammad Tughluq.