What is meant by vegetative propagation? How the roots, leaves and stem of some
plants help in producing a new plant?
2) Explain the process of tissue culture .
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Answers
Answer:-
1) In this method, new plants are produced from vegetative parts of plants like roots, stems, leaves and bud. Plants obtained by vegetative propagation from one plant are exact copies of the parent plant.
Examples:- Banana , garlic , rose , mint , sugarcane and many other plants grown by vegetative propagation.
The roots , stem and some parts of a plant helps in producing new plants by Natural Methods of Vegetative propagation .
Vegetative propagation in plants is very common nature . It occurs during favourable conditions , mainly in rainy season , by :-
- By modified roots
Dahlia , sweet potato , Asparagus are some examples of Vegetative propagation by tuberous roots.
- By modified stems
The underground and subaerial stems are modified especially by vegetative propagation.
( Propagation by underground stems )
▪ Tuber :- Potato is an underground stem tuber.
▪ Corn :- Each corns grows into a new plant and develops a number of new corns.
Example:- Gladiolus.
▪ Bulb :- It is very short disc-shaped underground tuber .
Example:- Onion
▪ Rhizome :- It is also an underground stem that swells due to storage of food .
Example:- Ginger
- By adventitious Buds on leaves
Vegetative propagation by adventitious Buds occurs in Bryophyllum leaf. In this propagation, when a leaf falls on the soil , each bud grows into a independent plant.
- Propagation by subaerial stems
Grasses , strawberry , Oxalis , Mint are grown by propagation by subaerial stems. The subaerial stems grows along the soil.
2) Micropropagation is the process of growing new plants by cell culture or tissue culture. In this technique a piece of tissue is called explant, is cut off from the growing tip of a plant. It is kept in a nutrient medium under aseptic conditions. It's cell divide rapidly and form a cell mass called callus . The callus is transferred into another nutrient medium containing plant hormones. The cells of callus in this nutrient medium divide and differentiate into roots and shoots and form several plantlets. These plantlets are grown in pots filled with soil.
Examples:- Orchids , Asparagus ,
Chrysanthemum , etc. are grown by tissue culture.
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↪More Info↩
- Potato has a bud called eyes . The buds in the eyes are axillary buds, which gie rise to new shoots.
- Vegetative propagation are of two types :-
→ Natural Vegetative propagation
→ Artificial Vegetative propagation
- Advantages of Vegetative propagation:-
▪ Rapid multiplication
▪ Multiplication without seed formation
▪ Easy to grow
▪ Genetically identical offspring.