Question

What is microstate and macrostate?

Answer 1

the ans of the question are as follows.
A ‘microstate’ refers to a description of the system which relies on the states of each element of the system. Applied to a thermodynamic system, each microstate MiMi of the system is a set of positions {qi}{qi} and velocities {q˙i}{q˙i} for i=1,…,3Ni=1,…,3N (in three dimensions, add another set of coordinates for internal degrees of freedom, such as rotation) which describe the position and velocity of each particle. As you can imagine, for large NN (say, N=1023N=1023), this gets out of hand. Furthermore, the probability that the system is in microstate MiMi is quite low as there are many, many different microstates the system could occupy.

A ‘macrostate’ on the other hand is a state description relying on the macroscopic properties of the system: it’s temperature, pressure, volume, internal energy and such. For each macrostate, there are many, many microstates which result in the same macrospace: for example, if you interchange velocity (but not position) of two gas particles, the macrostate does not change, but you have a different microstate.
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