what is osmosis and write down its type
Answers
Answer:
Osmosis is a type of diffusion that, in biology, is usually related to cells. Diffusion is when molecules or atoms move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Osmosis is when a substance crosses a semipermeable membrane in order to balance the concentrations of another substance. In biology, this is usually when a solvent such as water flows into or out of a cell depending on the concentration of a solute such as salt. Osmosis happens spontaneously and without any energy on the part of the cell.
TYPES. OF OSMOSIS -
In biology, there are three different types of solutions that cells can be in: isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic. Different types of solutions have different impacts on cells due to osmosis.
MARK ME THE BRAINLIEST PLEASE
Explanation:
Osmosis is a process by which the molecules of a solvent pass from a solution of low concentration to a solution of high concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.
Osmosis is a passive process and happens without any expenditure of energy. It involves the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration until the concentrations become equal on either side of the membrane.
Osmotic Solutions
There are three different types of solutions:
Isotonic Solution
Hypertonic Solution
Hypotonic Solution
An isotonic solution is one that has the same concentration of solutes both inside and outside the cell.
A hypertonic solution is one that has a higher solute concentration outside the cell than inside.
A hypotonic solution is the one that has a higher solute concentration inside the cell than outside.
Types of Osmosis
Osmosis is of two types:
Endosmosis– When a substance is placed in a hypotonic solution, the solvent molecules move inside the cell and the cell becomes turgid or undergo deplasmolysis. This is known as endosmosis.
Exosmosis– When a substance is placed in a hypertonic solution, the solvent molecules move outside the cell and the cell becomes flaccid or undergo plasmolysis. This is known as exosmosis.
Also Read: Difference between endosmosis and exosmosis
Effect of Osmosis on Cells
Osmosis affects the cells differently. An animal cell will lyse when placed in a hypotonic solution compared to a plant cell. The plant cell has thick walls and requires more water. The cells will not burst when placed in a hypotonic solution. In fact, a hypotonic solution is ideal for a plant cell.
An animal cell survives only in an isotonic solution. In an isotonic solution, the plant cells are no longer turgid and the leaves of the plant droop.
The osmotic flow can be stopped or reversed, also called reverse osmosis, by exerting an external pressure to the sides of the solute. The minimum pressure required to stop the solvent transfer is called the osmotic pressure.
Osmotic Pressure
Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to stop water from diffusing through a membrane by osmosis. It is determined by the concentration of the solute. Water diffuses into the area of higher concentration from the area of lower concentration. When the concentration of the substances in the two areas in contact is different, the substances will diffuse until the concentration is uniform throughout.
Osmotic pressure can be calculated using the equation:
It stabilizes the internal environment of a living organism by maintaining the balance between water and intercellular fluid levels.
It maintains the turgidity of cells.
It is a process by which plants maintain their water content despite the constant water loss due to transpiration.
This process controls the cell to cell diffusion of water.
Osmosis induces cell turgor which regulates the movement of plants and plant parts.
Osmosis also controls the dehiscence of fruits and sporangia.
Higher osmotic pressure protects the plants against drought injury.
Also Refer: Passive Transport
Examples of Osmosis
Osmosis has a significant role to play in plants, animals and also in humans. In an animal cell, osmosis helps in absorbing water from the intestines to the blood.
Listed below are more examples of Osmosis.
The absorption of water from the soil is due to osmosis. The plant roots have a higher concentration than the soil, therefore, the water flows into the roots.
The guard cells of the plants are also affected by osmosis. When the plant cells are filled with water, the guard cells swell up and the stomata open.
If a freshwater or saltwater fish is placed in the water with different salt concentrations, the fish dies due to entry or exit of water in the cells of the fish.
When the fingers are placed in water for a longer period of time, they become pruney due to the flow of water inside the cells.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do you define osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of solvent from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.
What are the three types of osmotic conditions that affect living cells?
The three types of osmotic conditions include- hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic.
What are the different types of osmosis?
The different types of osmosis include: