what is pathshala ? write a note on the patshala system of education in colonial India
Answers
Answer:
hi dosti karogi
Explanation:
After water, tea is the most popular beverage in the world. Its popularity has
Survived thousands of years and has played an important role in many cultures. It is
enjoyed both hot and cold, as a refreshing drink, as part ofa ceremony, or as a tonic
for improved health. The drink of Asia for hundreds of years, tea is believed to have
been brought to Europe by the Dutch. Today, from remote Ladakh in India to
Buckinghanm Palace in London, tea is synonymous with cheer. It is rightly said that
there will be no agreement on a perfect cup of tea. Though for tea drinkers the brew
is addictive, the preferred method of preparation and taste differ from person to
person and region to region. From traditional black teas, to the newer, and
extraordinarily healthy white teas, and recognisable flavoured teas such as Earl Grey,
to exotic blends such as Rooibos Love, there is a flavour and a blend for everyone.
Today many varieties of tea and tea brands are available in the market. An innovation
is the tea-bag that is easy, quick and less messy than traditional ways of brewing tea.
Green tea is popular in China and the Far East. In Japan, the tea ceremony is a
traditional way of greeting guests and is a social occasion. Unlike the tea we are
familiar with, green tea is not drunk with sugar or milk. It is an olive-coloured liquid
served in porcelain cups. In Morocco, green tea is infused with freshly plucked
mint. Some scientists believe tea prevents tooth decay because it is a rich source of
fluoride. Tea is also a folk remedy for stomach upsets, flu and diarrhoea. Tea is also
said to have antioxidants that fight cancer and also has antiageing properties 'that
fight the free radicals in our bodies. Research suggests that drinking tea reduces
risk of heart discase and cancer and lowers cholesterol levels in the blood. A welcome
thought for inveterate tea drinkers. Tea is the new apple-a-day to keep the doctor away
Write a short summary of the passage given above and suggest a suitable
title.
Explanation:
what is pathshala
➠The pathshala was an open air institution having no paraphernalia like permanent structures, furniture and staff. A pathshala carried no name. It was usually known to people by the name of the guru who ran it.
write a note on the patshala system of education in colonial India
➠Let us now read about the system of local schools before Macaulay’s system was introduced in India.
Local Schools
There was a Scottish missionary, named William Adam. He surveyed the districts of Bihar and Bengal and made a report on vernacular schools in 1830s. As per this report, there were over one lakh pathshalas in Bihar and Bengal. Each such pathshala was having not more than 20 students. But the total number of students in such institutions was more than 20 lakh. Such pathshalas were set up by wealthy people, or the local community, or by a guru.
The pathshalas had a flexible system of education. Unlike modern schools, there were no fixed fee, no printed book, no separate building, no benches or chairs, no system of separate classes, no roll-call registers, no regular examinations and no regular time-table. Classes could be held under a banyan tree, in a village shop or temple, or at the guru’s home. There were no buildings for the school.
Fee depended on the income of parents. While the wealthy paid the fee, the poor generally got free education. Teaching was oral and curriculum was decided by the guru, as per the need of the individual student. Students were not segregated into different classes, rather all the students sat together in one place. The guru interacted separately with different groups of children as per the level of learning of the group.
This system was flexible enough to suit the local needs. During harvest time, rural children generally worked in the farms. So, classes were not held during harvest time. Once the harvesting season was over, classes resumed.
New Routines, New Rules
After 1854, a decision was taken to improve the system of vernacular education. The Company appointed a number of government pundits. Each pundit was given the charge of four to five schools. Each guru was asked to submit periodic reports and take classes according to regular time-table. Textbooks were introduced, along with a system of annual examination. Students were asked to pay a regular fee, attend regular classes and obey the new rules of discipline.
Some of the pathshalas accepted the new rules, while some other preferred to retain their independence. Those which accepted the new rules were given grants by the government. Those who did not accepted the new system did not get government support. With passage of time, Gurus who wanted to retain their independence found it tough to compete with the government aided and regulated pathshalas.
Children of peasants, especially the poor one were badly affected by the new rules and systems. Harvest season meant skipping classes for such children. But irregular attendance was seen as indiscipline.