Question

what is penetration effect ?

Answer 1

Penetration refers to the proximity of the electrons in an orbital to the nucleus.
According to Quantum Mechanics The substances exhibition wave like movement.
Every electron in different orbit has different wave characteristics or functions.
Thus electrons that experience higher penetration experience less shielding and therefore experience a greater Effective Nuclear Charge or Zeff but ya they shield other Electrons more efficiently.

Answer 2

✨✨HEY DEAR HERE IS YOUR ANSWER ✌✌❤❤

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➡ Penetration effect is the effect in which ionization enthalpy is increased through this effect.

✔As we know ,

The electrons of the S orbital has the maximum probability of being found near the Nucleus.

AND , LESS probability in case of P , D , and F orbitals in the same shells.

✔PENETRATION EFFECT DECREASES IN THIS ORDER :-

S > P > D > F .

➡EXAMPLE :- ionization enthalpy of Aluminum is lower than that of Magnesium.

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HOPE IT HELPS U.✨✨
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